1. Speaker Fu-Yuan Chuang Advisor Ho-Ting Wu Date 2007.01.02 1

2. Outline Introduction to IEEE 802.11e Tuning of 802.11e Network Parameters Adaptive Contention-Window MAC Algorithms for QoS-Enabled Wireless LANs 2

3. Introduction to IEEE 802.11e New terminology QAP – QoS Access Point QSTA – QoS Station HC – Hybrid Coordinator A new mechanism defined in IEEE 802.11e -- Hybrid Coordination Function (HCF) HCF is implemented by all QAPs and QSTAs HCF has two access mechanisms Contention based Enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) Controlled channel access HCF Controlled Channel Access (HCCA) 3

4. Architecture 4

5. Comparison of 802.11 and 802.11e 5 CAP controlled access phase : A time period when the HC maintains control of the medium after gaining medium access by sensing the channel to be idle for a PIFS duration

6. Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) Under HCF, TXOP is basic unit of transmission TXOP types EDCA TXOP Obtained by a QSTA winning an instance of EDCA contention during the CP HCCA TXOP Obtained using the controlled channel access Polled TXOP by a non-AP QSTA receiving a QoS (+)CF-Poll frame during the CP or CFP 6

7. Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) EDCA defines four Access Categories (AC) Voice Video Best Effort Background EDCA supports 8 User Priority (UP) values Priority values (0 to 7) identical to the IEEE 802.11D priorities Rules One UP belongs to one AC (Access Category) Each AC may contains more than one UP Traffic of higher UP will be transmitted first within one AC 7

8. EDCA-Access Category (AC) Four access categories (ACs) that support the delivery of traffic with differentiated UPs An AC is an enhanced variant of the DCF which contends for TXOP using the following parameters: CWmin[AC], CWmax[AC], AIFS[AC]. Each AC queue functions as an independent DCF STA and uses its own backoff parameter. In EDCA, the Contention-Window (CW) size and the Inter-frame space (IFS) is AC dependent 8

9. EDCA Details Each AC has its own Interframe space – AIFS Back off Counter CWmin, CWmax, CW TXOP limit QSTAs obtains these info from beacon frames Each QSTA implements own queues for each AC If internal collision happens, the frame with higher priority will be sent 9

10. EDCA Parameter Set element 10 ACM : admission control mandatory ACI : Access category identify

11. 11 Contentions among Different ACs in EDCA Contention among EDCAFs (AC, AIFS, CWmin, CWmax ) to win a TXOP

12. 12 Default Values for Each AC AIFS[AC] = AIFSN[AC] × aSlotTime + aSIFSTime. DIFS=2*aSlotTime +aSIFSTime ACAIFSNCWmin/CWmax AC_VO23-7 AC_VI27-15 AC_BE315-1023 AC_BK715-1023

13. Juliana Freitag, Nelson L. S. da Fonseca, and Jos´e F. de Rezende,Tuning of 802.11e Network Parameters, IEEE Communications Letters, Volume 10, Issue 8, Aug. 2006 Page(s):611 - 613 13

14. Introduction A novel mechanism for tuning the access parameters of 802.11e QAP and QSTAs To solve the asymmetry problem To produce balanced uplink and downlink delays The network can operate under much higher loads 14

15. Introduction - asymmetry problem the existing asymmetry between the uplink and downlink delays which occurs when using the 802.11e contention method The QAP is responsible for forwarding all traffic to/from QSTAs Since both QAP and QSTAs have the same probability of accessing the medium, the queues in the QAP can rapidly build up, increasing the downlink delay 15

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17. The Proposed Approach The adjustment of TXOP value is used to improve the throughput of the classes at the QAP leading to more balanced delay 17

18. Idea - TXOP QSTA Class flow i Class TXOP q frames QAP i Class TXOP k*q frames (k i class downlink flow ) downlink throughput uplink throughput 18

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20. Mechanism Load Class TXOP 0 frame class ratio TXOP The ratio between the load that has arrived at their queues and the load that has arrived at the queue of the class with the lowest load load queue 20

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22. CW STA low CW min idle channel utilization STA high CW min collision As the number of stations with active flows of a certain class increases, the CW min value of this class should increase as well as that of all classes with lower access priority 22

23. Mechanism STA( class i active flows) CW min (i) CW min (i) is increased to the next power of 2 minus 1 CW min (i) value is reduced to the immediate lower power of 2 idel 23

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26. Samer El Housseini, Hussein Alnuweiri, Adaptive Contention-Window MAC Algorithms for QoS-Enabled Wireless LANs, wireless Networks, Communications and Mobile Computing, 2005 International Conference on, Vol.1, pp. 368- 374, June 2005 26

27. Saturation Throughput 27

28. The Throughput Derivative Algorithm after each CW change, the TD Algorithm employs measurements of the throughput taken in the AP CW max is also changed while keeping the same ratio (CW max / CW min ) 28

29. The Throughput Derivative Algorithm The throughput derivative is taken over the present and a few past measurements of the throughput If the derivative is positive The AP continues to increase the CW If the derivative is negative The AP decrease the CW 29

30. The Throughput Derivative Algorithm 30

31. References IEEE-802.11WG, IEEE Standard for Information technology - Telecommunications and information exchange between systems - Local and metropolitan area networks - Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications Amendment 8: Medium Access Control (MAC) Quality of Service Enhancements, November 2005 Juliana Freitag, Nelson L. S. da Fonseca, and Jos´e F. de Rezende, Tuning of 802.11e Network Parameters, IEEE Communications Letters, Volume 10, Issue 8, Aug. 2006 Page(s):611 – 613 Samer El Housseini, Hussein Alnuweiri, Adaptive Contention- Window MAC Algorithms for QoS-Enabled Wireless LANs, wireless Networks, Communications and Mobile Computing, 2005 International Conference on, Vol.1, pp. 368- 374, June 2005 31