1. 10 th American History Unit III- U.S. Foreign Policy World War II - today Nixon-Bush #5

2. Reading Quiz 1. Who was Desmond Tutu? 1. Who was Desmond Tutu? 2. What was the INF treaty? 2. What was the INF treaty? 3. Who was Deng Xiaoping? 3. Who was Deng Xiaoping? 4. What is apartheid? 4. What is apartheid? 5. Who is Nelson Mandela? 5. Who is Nelson Mandela? 6. What was the INF Treaty? 6. What was the INF Treaty? 7. Who was Gorbachev? 7. Who was Gorbachev? 8. What did the Soviets do in Feb. of 1989? 8. What did the Soviets do in Feb. of 1989?

3. China and Reagan Mao Zedong is dead. Mao Zedong is dead. Deng Xiaoping is new leader. Deng Xiaoping is new leader. Moved China away from Marxist- Leninism to free enterprise. Moved China away from Marxist- Leninism to free enterprise. Contracts and trade with U.S. increases. Contracts and trade with U.S. increases.

4. Central America and Reagan Military leaders losing- Argentina, Brazil and others. Military leaders losing- Argentina, Brazil and others. Various problems Various problems Exploding populations Exploding populations Troubled economies Troubled economies Large foreign debts were not being paid and treatened world’s banking system. Large foreign debts were not being paid and treatened world’s banking system.

5. South Africa and Reagan Apartheid Apartheid small white minority controlling and exploiting black majority. small white minority controlling and exploiting black majority. “apart-hood” but really means racism. “apart-hood” but really means racism. World Isolated and ostracised South Africa World Isolated and ostracised South Africa Economic sanctions by U.S. and pressure world Economic sanctions by U.S. and pressure world Bishop Desmond Tutu Bishop Desmond Tutu Apartheid ended- 1990 Apartheid ended- 1990 Nelson Mandela freed from prison. Nelson Mandela freed from prison. Becomes 1st black president. Becomes 1st black president.

6. South Africa and Reagan 2:50 min.

7. Soviets in Afghanistan- (The Soviet’s Vietnam) Began in 1979- 9 years Began in 1979- 9 years Soviet troops support communist government. Tried to remove civilian population from countryside who were helping the rebels. Millions dead, homeless or starving. Soviet troops support communist government. Tried to remove civilian population from countryside who were helping the rebels. Millions dead, homeless or starving. Afghanistan's resistance movement, the Mujahidin (holy warriors). Waged a local guerilla war Afghanistan's resistance movement, the Mujahidin (holy warriors). Waged a local guerilla war 4,000 bases- with Commanders and 300 or more men. 4,000 bases- with Commanders and 300 or more men. international arms market and foreign military support. international arms market and foreign military support. 5,000,000 refuges from Afghanistan 5,000,000 refuges from Afghanistan Olympic boycott and economic sanctions. Olympic boycott and economic sanctions. April 14, 1988 Soviets admit the cost too great (15,000 troops and billions of dollars) and agreed to remove their troops. April 14, 1988 Soviets admit the cost too great (15,000 troops and billions of dollars) and agreed to remove their troops.

8. Soviets in Afghanistan- (The Soviet’s Vietnam) 3:14 min.

9. Reducing Nuclear Arms- INF February 1987- Gorbachev offered to sign an agreement eliminating both Soviet and U.S medium range missiles. February 1987- Gorbachev offered to sign an agreement eliminating both Soviet and U.S medium range missiles. Tough Verification procedures would allow each country to station representatives outside the other countries plants. Tough Verification procedures would allow each country to station representatives outside the other countries plants. December 1987- Gorbachev and Reagan signed the new Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty December 1987- Gorbachev and Reagan signed the new Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty removed all missiles with ranges of 300- 3400 miles from Eastern and Western Europe. removed all missiles with ranges of 300- 3400 miles from Eastern and Western Europe. All 2611 missiles would be destroyed- 859 US and 1752 Soviet. All 2611 missiles would be destroyed- 859 US and 1752 Soviet. Did not insure peace, both nations still had enough long range and nuclear missile to destroy each other. Did not insure peace, both nations still had enough long range and nuclear missile to destroy each other. Some believed the world was less safe and perhaps a step away from self- destruction. Some believed the world was less safe and perhaps a step away from self- destruction.

10. Reducing Nuclear Arms- INF 3:18 min.