1. The Progressive Era:

2. PROGRESSIVISM Suffragettes Civi l Rights Muckrackers Temperance Labor
Unions
Popul
ists
M i d c l a s s W o m e n 2

3. Where does Progressivism fit?
Christian Evangelical Movement
2nd Great Awakening
Social Gospel
1920s Revivalism
1950s Revivalism
CONSERVATIVE
REVOLUTION
CIVI L WAR
Antebellum Reforms [1810s-1850s]
Populism [1870s-1890s]
Progressivism [1890s-1920]
New Deal [1930s-1940s]
Great Society & 1960s Social Movements

4. Origins of the Era
Progressivism strongest among middle class Protestants
William Jennings Bryan
Billy Sunday
Walter Rauschenbusch
Social Gospel
“Muckrakers”
(c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved

5. The “Muckrakers”
Ida Tarbell: “The History of the Standard Oil Company,” 1902
Lincoln Steffens: “Tweed Days in St. Louis,” 1902 and “The Shame of the Cities”
Upton Sinclair and “The Jungle”, 1906
Jacob Riis and “How the Other Half Lives,”,1890
Muckraking reflected
Expanded newspaper circulation
Increased interest in “realism”
McClure’s, Cosmopolitan, Collier’s

6. See Progressivism Photographs

7. Circulation of Newspapers and Magazines

8. Municipal Reform
Progressives wanted public ownership of private monopolies providing city services
City Commission and City manager government

9. State Reform State governors led charge
New York: Charles Evans Hughes battled fraudulent insurance companies
California: Hiram Johnson fought against the economic and political power of the Southern Pacific Railroad
Wisconsin: “Fighting” Robert La Follette
“Wisconsin Idea”
Direct primary
Tax reform
Regulation of railroads

10. Voter Participation Australian, or secret, ballot Direct primaries
Direct election of U.S. Senators (17th Amendment)
Initiative: voters could compel the legislature the consider a bill
Referendum: allowed citizens to vote on proposed laws on ballots
Recall: enabled removal of corrupt and unsatisfactory politicians

11. Women’s Suffrage National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Susan B. Anthony
Carrie Chapman Catt
Western states 1st to grant women right to vote
Women’s gentler nature to tame wild male electorate
Progressive women suffragists little troubled by racial discrimination
National Women's Party
Alice Paul
Nineteenth Amendment (1920)

12. A Renewed Campaign for Civil Rights
New generation of African American activists called for racial equality
Booker T. Washington
“Accommodation“
W.E.B. DuBois

13. From the Niagara Movement to the NAACP
W.E.B. Du Bois
Niagara Movement
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
Beginning of modern Civil Rights Movement
The Crisis
Legal Redress Committee
National Urban League (1911)

14. Socialism and Progressivism
Socialism government operation of economic institutions keeps wealthy elite from controlling society
Socialist Party of America
Eugene V. Debs
Diversity of Socialists
Immigrants
Native-born farmers and miners in the west
IWW most radical Socialist group
Progressives and Socialists both assume the state can solve economic abuses
Progressives frightened by Socialist talk of revolution

15. The Roosevelt Presidency
V-P under McKinley

16. “Trust-Busting” Trust-busting Northern Securities Company
J.P. Morgan
“New Nationalism”

17. Toward a “Square Deal” Anthracite Coal Strike (1902) Election of 1904
United Mine Workers (UMW)
Arbitration
Election of 1904
"Square Deal"
Roosevelt aligns Republican Party with reform

18. Expanding Government Power: The Economy
Interstate Commerce Commission
Hepburn Act (1906)
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
Meat Inspection Act (1906)

19. Expanding Government Power: The Environment
Conservation
Preservationists: John Muir and the Sierra Club
Roosevelt: wilderness is a place to test oneself against natural elements
Conservationists
Public Lands Commission (1903)
Gifford Pinchot
National Forest Service
Roosevelt vs. Old Guard Republicans on government land reserves

20. The Taft Presidency Roosevelt thought Taft an ideal successor Taft
Not adept at politics
More conservative than Roosevelt
Election of 1908
William Howard Taft
William Jennings Bryan

21. The Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy
Richard Ballinger
Gifford Pinchot
Ballinger questionably sold Alaskan coal deposits
Taft sides with Ballinger, Roosevelt sides with Pinchot

22. Roosevelt’s Return Roosevelt returns to politics
"New Nationalism“ campaign, 1910
Strong federal government:
Stabilize the economy
Protect the weak
Restore social harmony
1910 election results show plan is popular
Roosevelt challenges Taft for Republican nomination
Denied nomination by Old Guard Republicans

23. The Election of 1912

24. The Republican Party & President William H. Taft

25. Republican Party Platform
High import tariffs
Put limitations on female and child labor
Workman’s Compensation Laws
Against initiative, referendum, and recall
Against “bad” trusts
Creation of a Federal Trade Commission
Stay on the gold standard
Conservation of natural resources because they are finite

26. The Progressive Party & Former President Theodore Roosevelt

27. Progressive Party Platform: “New Nationalism”
Women’s suffrage
Graduated income tax
Inheritance tax for the rich
Lower tariffs
Limits on campaign spending
Currency reform
Minimum wage laws
Social insurance
Abolition of child labor
Workmen’s compensation

28. Wilsonian Progressivism: “New Freedom”

29. Woodrow Wilson and the Democrats
Government control of the monopolies  trusts in general were bad  eliminate them!!
Clayton Antitrust Act
Federal Trade Commission
Tariff reduction
One-term President
Direct election of Senators
Create a Department of Labor
Strengthen the Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Did NOT support women’s suffrage
Opposed to a central bank
Banking Reform: Federal Reserve Act (1913)
Federal Farm Loan Act
Child Labor Act

30. 1912 Results