1. 10-11 Sept 2007 JRA2 - Opticon FP6 MTR 1 JRA2 Report “Fast Detector for AO” Opticon Mid-Term Review chairman: Philippe Feautrier – INSU/CNRS

2. 10-11 Sept 2007 JRA2 - Opticon FP6 MTR 2 Content of this talk Who we are? What we do? Work Packages review Highlights of the JRA2 Schedule and comments Future plans for FP7 Conclusion

3. 10-11 Sept 2007 JRA2 - Opticon FP6 MTR 3 Who we are? European Community Opticon board WP2 Detector procurement Industrial partner Detector subcontract WP5 Detector testing WP1 JRA-2 Coordinator P. Feautrier WP3 Detector Controller WP4 Cryogenics

4. 10-11 Sept 2007 JRA2 - Opticon FP6 MTR 4 What we do ? JRA2 “Fast Detectors for AO” JRA2 “Fast Detectors for AO” Goal as defined in Annex I of the contract: “define, fabricate and fully characterize the best possible detector working at visible wavelengths for Adaptive Optics (AO) wavefront sensors.” “define, fabricate and fully characterize the best possible detector working at visible wavelengths for Adaptive Optics (AO) wavefront sensors.”

5. 10-11 Sept 2007 JRA2 - Opticon FP6 MTR 5 1. 40x40 SH subapertures x 6x6 pixels/sub-aperture  240x240 pixels. 2. Versatility: 100% fill factor / 240x240 square grid array of pixels that can be used with any type of WFS system; SH, curvature, or pyramid. that can be used with any type of WFS system; SH, curvature, or pyramid. 3. > 1.2 kHz frame rate to match the increased spatial sampling. Detector requirements 40x40 SH-WFS (mag~10, RON=1e-) 240x240 pixels Next Generation Systems Each Sub-aperture 6x6 pixels Present Systems 14x14 SH-WFS

6. 10-11 Sept 2007 JRA2 - Opticon FP6 MTR 6 Store Area Image Area 240x120 24µm Store Area Image Area 240x120 24µm OP 1 OP 2 Gain Registers OP 3 OP 4 Gain Registers OP 8 Gain Registers OP 7 OP 6 Gain Registers OP 5 The CCD 220 Design Metal Buttressed 2Φ 10 Mhz Clocks for fast image to store transfer rates. Store slanted to allow room for multiple outputs. Split frame transfer 8-output back-illuminated e2v-L3Vision CCD. 8 L3Vision Gain Registers/Outputs. Each 15Mpix./s.

7. 10-11 Sept 2007 JRA2 - Opticon FP6 MTR 7 L3CCD with lower read noise wins Low read noise of EMCCD is clearly better for white-yellow guide star and better even for red GS if RON of Thick CCD > 2e. Conclusion low RON (~ 0.1e-) is better than higher red response. Reason e2v-L3 CCD was chosen. GS Magnitude. RON=5 RON=3 RON=2 EMCCD RON=0 Thick CCD Strehl ratio RON=5 RON=3 RON=2 EMCCD RON=0 Thick CCD Strehl ratio GS Magnitude.

8. 10-11 Sept 2007 JRA2 - Opticon FP6 MTR 8 Funds and detector sub-contract CCD220 funds for the first contract with e2v: 700 k€ from Opticon JRA2, ~ 400 k€ from ESO internal funds. Contract signed between ESO and e2v after official call for tender, e2v UK is a sub-contractor, not a partner.

9. 10-11 Sept 2007 JRA2 - Opticon FP6 MTR 9 The CCD220: firsts e2v CCD220 detectors provided

10. 10-11 Sept 2007 JRA2 - Opticon FP6 MTR 10 Test Camera controller is being built by a collaboration of French Observatories (LAM Marseille, LAOG Grenoble, and OHP Haute Provence): –It will be loaned to e2v for testing. –Very challenging design –To be delivered to e2v next month WP3 : Controller

11. 10-11 Sept 2007 JRA2 - Opticon FP6 MTR 11 WP4: mechanics and cryogenics This WP was delivered and is achieved Cooling specifications achieved

12. 10-11 Sept 2007 JRA2 - Opticon FP6 MTR 12 Cryogenics results

13. 10-11 Sept 2007 JRA2 - Opticon FP6 MTR 13 The OCam Test Camera OCam, the Test Camera of the CCD220, is the product of the WP3 + WP4:

14. 10-11 Sept 2007 JRA2 - Opticon FP6 MTR 14 The OCam story OCam will be duplicated for a lot of European places: –On loan to e2v for detector testing –OCam will be delivered to IAC (normal JRA2 plan), but also duplicated for ESO for their CCD220 testing facility. Free OCam license transfer between CNRS/INSU to help for ESO NGC development –But also implemented on the GTC… Very high probability of OCam license transfer to Andor Technology Belfast (UK) for commercial applications (Astronomy, WFS, medical imaging…): our mission is not to infinitely duplicate cameras. Good progress of negotiations.

15. 10-11 Sept 2007 JRA2 - Opticon FP6 MTR 15 OCam on the GTC OCam will also be used, with the CCD200 on the GTC (Gran Telescopio Canarias), a 10.4 m segmented telescope in La Palma under contruction. Contract currently under negociation between CNRS (owner of OCam) and GTC (GRANTECAN telescope, La Palma) OCam + CCD220 will be used as WFS camera for the GTC AO system Schedule: signature of contract: autumn 2007, delivery ~ one year later

16. 10-11 Sept 2007 JRA2 - Opticon FP6 MTR 16 WP5: detector tests Detector Tests at Factory Tests under responsibility of the detector manufacturer (E2V) To verify basic operational parameters and detector characteristics. Defined in VLT-PLA-E2V-14690-0008_issue_3_TestPlan and testing equipement and facilities, according to VLT-SPE-E2V-14690- 0002_issue_6_TestEquip_Req Detector Controller and Camera supplied by JRA2 Tests at IAC split in 2 main topics: Laboratory tests Telescope tests

17. 10-11 Sept 2007 JRA2 - Opticon FP6 MTR 17 Detector Tests in Laboratory Detector characterization facility will be available on time –All the equipment has been already acquired –Test Bench components are computer controlled –Variable monochromatic flat field source is now under calibration –Direct imaging targets are assessed IAC Test Objectives –Verification of IAC Test Bench performance with calibrated detector systems –Independent verification of all CCD220 factory test results –Additional tests with emphasis on: Long term gain stability Detailed assessment of unwanted charge generation and charge confinement problems (CIC, dark current, smear, PSF) and optimization of operational parameters Detector / Camera health check procedures

18. 10-11 Sept 2007 JRA2 - Opticon FP6 MTR 18 Detector Tests at IAC Telescope The tests will run in a Telescope, either at the Observatory of El Teide in Tenerife or at the Observatory of Roque de Los Muchachos on La Palma. Telescope/IAC Test Objectives –Verification of performances of the CCD220 as the detector of a wavefront sensor in a real situation –To include the CCD220 WFS within the very-low-latency IAC AO Real Time Controller, based on reconfigurable logic (FPGA), and test under real circumstances, at the telescope. Comparison with previous detectors. –To confirm the suitability of CCD220 for AO, measure system performances and give inputs for further developments. –AO Tests will be performed with science grade detectors, either on loan from ESO or bought by IAC with a new joint ESO/IAC contract for CCD220 detectors delivering.

19. 10-11 Sept 2007 JRA2 - Opticon FP6 MTR 19 Detector Test Facility at IAC Detector Characterization Laboratory: –A group called LISA (Laboratory of Imaging and Sensors in Astronomy) has been created at the IAC to be in charge of detector testing and will characterize the CCD220. –LISA has a new general Detector Test Facility at the IAC complying with the requirements of the CCD220 test plan

20. 10-11 Sept 2007 JRA2 - Opticon FP6 MTR 20 LISA Test Bench at IAC

21. 10-11 Sept 2007 JRA2 - Opticon FP6 MTR 21 Status of deliverables and milestones (Month: 43)

22. 10-11 Sept 2007 JRA2 - Opticon FP6 MTR 22 Schedule: milestones and deliverables 2004 2005200620072008 Achieved: Delayed: Management Detector Controller Cryogenics Tests

23. 10-11 Sept 2007 JRA2 - Opticon FP6 MTR 23 Schedule and delays: some remarks Schedule late, but this can be explained: Late arrival of funds at beginning of the contract (6/12 months)  has delayed activities where hardware/contracts are concerned. WP3 (controller) and WP4 (cryogenics) strongly dependent on final detector design (WP2), so did not start as early as expected Under-estimation of the time to deliver detector controller and cryogenics (extremely challenging development, critical path) All these dependencies explain the delay of the overall schedule, but this delay is under control. Main objectives of the JRA2 will not be affected and remain compatible with the Opticon FP6 schedule Some testing activities may run after formal end of the FP6 contract (i.e. in 2009). Should be also tested on the GTC!

24. 10-11 Sept 2007 JRA2 - Opticon FP6 MTR 24 FP7 proposal Edinburgh 07: " Fast detectors for E-ELT AO " JRA2 FP6: was dedicated to 2 nd generation of AO instrument for 8- 10 m class telescopes FP7: two needs for E-ELT AO WFS detectors identified: –LGS WFS detector: very large pixel format to sample spot elongation, high frame rate (700 Hz), low noise (~1 e). –XAO WFS detector: for a pyramid WFS, 256 2 pixels are sufficient, but extremely high frame rate (3 to 4 kHz) and very low noise (~1 e) are required. ~ 5.5 years development (2008-2013) 3.6 M€ eligible cost: clearly too much… De-scope to be done. For the proposed activity: at least ~ 3 European countries (Germany, Spain, France), 2 European institutions (ESO, IAC), ~ 3 laboratories (INSU/CNRS), 2 industrial partners. AO applications are strategic for E-ELT but this activity open to wider applications in the field of fast detectors.

25. 10-11 Sept 2007 JRA2 - Opticon FP6 MTR 25 Conclusions Great succes of the JRA2 activity: –The CCD200 detector developed here by a European manufacturer (e2v UK) will be used by every AO system in Europe: ESO, IAC, GTC. And also probably in the US ! –The OCam test camera will be duplicated for a lot of European places: IAC, ESO, GTC –Products of this JRA will be re-used in the European astronomical community: OCam will help for ESO NGC development, OCam will be used as GTC wavefront sensor camera –Complete program of detector validation carried out by IAC on telescope, as foreseen at beginning of JRA2. –Strong probability for a commercial transfer license of OCam to Andor Technlogy (UK) Excellent partnership between the European laboratories/institutes/industry of the JRA2. Wish to continue during the FP7, same kind of applications in the framework of E-ELT development.

26. 10-11 Sept 2007 JRA2 - Opticon FP6 MTR 26 END Many Thanks for Listening