1. © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 2 Historical Overview of Clinical Psychology

2. © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Diagnosis and Assessment: Beginnings Assessment of Individual Differences (Galton, Cattell) – Mental testing Classification of Psychopathology (Kraepelin)

3. © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Emil Kraepelin

4. © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Diagnosis and Assessment: Advent of Modern Era Assessment of Intelligence (Binet, Terman) Personality Testing World War I ability testing (Army Alpha Beta)

5. © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Alfred Binet

6. © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Diagnosis and Assessment: Interwar Period Intelligence debate (Spearman, Thorndike, Thurstone) – How to define? Measure? Study? Wechsler Intelligence Test – first satisfactory measure of adult intelligence Projective testing: patients respond to ambiguous test stimuli – Rorschach Inkblots – Thematic Apperception Test – Bender-Gestalt Test

7. © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. David Wechsler

8. © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Simulated Rorschach Inkblot

9. © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Diagnosis and Assessment: Post-War and Beyond MMPI – Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Radical Behaviorism: only overt behaviors can be measured Diagnostic manuals & structured diagnostic interviews

10. © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Diagnosis and Assessment: Post War and Beyond Neuropsychological Assessment: An assessment approach—based on empirically established brain–behavior relationships— that evaluates a person’s relative strengths and weaknesses across a number of areas Managed Care Brief, focal assessment

11. © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Interventions: Beginnings Treatment of Hysteria - Charcot (Hypnosis) Roots of psychoanalysis (Freud) Asylums in the US

12. © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Jean Charcot

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16. © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Interventions: Advent of the Modern Era First psychological clinic - Lightner Witmer Children’s guidance clinics Behavior Therapy (Watson) Client-centered Therapy (Rogers) Treatment Reform (Beers): wrote A Mind That Found Itself, a chronicle of his experiences while hospitalized as a mental patient. His efforts were instrumental in launching the mental hygiene movement

17. © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Lightner Witmer

18. © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Interventions: Interwar Era Play Therapy: A technique, derived from traditional Freudian principles, that uses expressive play to help release anxiety or hostility Behavior Therapy: A popular learning framework for treating disorders that is based on the principles of conditioning

19. © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Interventions: Post War and Beyond Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) Eclectics: Clinicians who employ the techniques of more than one theoretical orientation Brief time-limited therapy Manualized treatments: Treatment that is presented in a manual format (i.e. outlining the rationales, goals, and techniques that correspond to each phase of the treatment)

20. © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Interventions: Post War and Beyond Community psychology/prevention Health Psychology Evidence-based treatments Prescription Privileges

21. © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Research: Beginnings First psychological laboratory - Wilhelm Wundt (1879) William James - Principles of Psychology (1890) Classical conditioning - Pavlov Scientist-Practitioner Model

22. © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Research: Advent of the Modern Era Clinical research in treatment and assessment Eysenck’s critique of psychotherapy – regarded it as ineffective, which alarmed many, since it was a dominant technique at the time Behaviorism - taught clinicians the power of conditioning in the development and treatment of behavior disorders

23. © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. B.F. Skinner

24. © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Research: Post War and Beyond Diagnostic manual – DSM-I appeared in 1952 Behavioral Genetics: research specialty in which both genetic and environmental influences on the development of behavior are evaluated Brain imaging – able to see structure and function Psychotherapy

25. © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. The Profession: Beginnings Founding of the American Psychological Association (APA) in 1892 Lightner Witmer establishes first psychological clinic in 1896 Psychology journals – Witmer founded the first, The Psychological Clinic, in 1907

26. © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. The Profession: Post War and Beyond Impact of returning soldiers from WWII – Psychodiagnosis Certification/licensing of clinical psychologists became required APA published Ethical Standards in 1953, establishing an ethical code for psychologists

27. © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. The Profession: Post War and Beyond Influence of cognitive behaviorism Growth of APA Schism in 1988 – academic/scientific wing of the APA felt ignored Led to the creation of the American Psychological Society in 1988 (now called the Association for Psychological Science)

28. © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. APA and APS Membership