1. Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Seventh Edition Elaine N. Marieb Chapter 16 The Reproductive System Pregnancy

2. Introduction Slide 16.44 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Infertility/sterility- can’t conceive due to…  Poor quality or poor quantity of gametes Blockages in ducts

3. Reproductive techniques Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Artificial insemination  IVF/GIFT  Surrogate mother

4. Egg, fertilization, and developing zygote Slide 16.44 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings polar bodies Secondary oocyte zygote Corona radiata Zona pellucida Mature ovum before fertilization fertilization

5. Egg an developing zygote Slide 16.44 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Monozygotic twins  Dizygotic twins

6. FYI-Stages of Pregnancy and Development Slide 16.44 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Fertilization- possible for 4-5 days  Embryonic development- 2 wks- 8 wks  Fetal development- 9 wks- 9 mos (40 wks)  Childbirth +/- 40 wks

7. Early Stages of Development Slide 16.52 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 16.15 Time= 0 hrsTime= 48 hrs Time= 24 hrs 2 cell stage Time= 72 hrs or 3 days Time= 5-7 days coel Implantation 7-10 days

8. Blastula Slide 16.49 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Hollow ball of cells  Secretes hCG so corpus luteum can make P (& some E) Blastocoel-amniotic sac/fluid Inner cell mass- embryo Trophoblast- embryonic & fetal membranes  Hollow ball of cells  Secretes hCG so corpus luteum can make P (& some E) Blastocoel-amniotic sac/fluid Inner cell mass- embryo Trophoblast- embryonic & fetal membranes

9. Implantation- 7-10 days Slide 16.44 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

10. Gastrula- 2 wks Slide 16.50 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Gastrulation- formation of 3 primary germ layers  Ectoderm – outside layer (nervous & epidermis) Mesoderm – middle layer(mucosae of viscera, glands) Endoderm – inside layer (everything Else)  Gastrulation- formation of 3 primary germ layers  Ectoderm – outside layer (nervous & epidermis) Mesoderm – middle layer(mucosae of viscera, glands) Endoderm – inside layer (everything Else)

11. Embryo- 2nd- 8th wks Slide 16.53 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Embryonic membranes  Chorion- between fetus & mother  Amnion- holds fluid; surrounds embryo  Yolk sac- supplies nurishment  Allantois- BV to Umbilical cord  Embryonic membranes  Chorion- between fetus & mother  Amnion- holds fluid; surrounds embryo  Yolk sac- supplies nurishment  Allantois- BV to Umbilical cord

12. Fetus- 9th-40th wk Slide 16.44 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Placenta-temp org; mother to fetus (in vs out)  Chorionic villi-extend into endometrium;nutrient  Umbilical cord-fetus to placenta(oxy vs deoxy)  HDN (Rh- mom with Rh+ fetus; 2 nd child)  Placenta-temp org; mother to fetus (in vs out)  Chorionic villi-extend into endometrium;nutrient  Umbilical cord-fetus to placenta(oxy vs deoxy)  HDN (Rh- mom with Rh+ fetus; 2 nd child)

13. Embryo vs Fetus Slide 16.44 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

14. Embryo vs Fetus Slide 16.44 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

15. Changes during Pregnancy Slide 16.57 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  hCG  Placental E and P  Morning sickness  Other hormones- PRL, placental lactogen, oxytocin  others

16. Labor and Childbirth Slide 16.60 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Full-term fetus vs preemie  Labor and delivery  Due to E and oxytocin levels rising

17. Initiation of Labor Slide 16.61 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 16.18

18. Stages of Labor Slide 16.62a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Mucus plug  Contractions  Dilation of cervix  Effacement  Water breaking  Expulsion of fetus  Umbilical cord cut  Afterbirth

19. Stages of Labor Slide 16.63 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 16.19

20. Stages of Labor Slide 16.63 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 16.19

21. Other terms Slide 16.62a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Epidural

22. Other terms Slide 16.62a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Breech vs vertex

23. Other terms Slide 16.62a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  C-section

24. Other terms Slide 16.62a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Preemie< 37 wks

25. Postnatal development in mom Slide 16.60 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Prolactin- causes milk production in mammary glands  Pre-nursing- colostrum  Nursing- causes milk to be produced, lasts for 1 week after baby stops nursing

26. Neonatal development Slide 16.60 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  At birth, baby needs to have all systems functioning independently of mom when umbilical cord cut  1st breath/cry  All other systems come after

27. Applications and diagnostic techniques Slide 16.60 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings birth defects teratogens

29. Applications and diagnostic techniques Slide 16.60 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings birth defects teratogens

30. Applications and diagnostic techniques Slide 16.60 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings birth defects Crucial time for teratogens

31. Applications and diagnostic techniques Slide 16.60 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings birth defects examples FAS thalidomide Preemie, drug addicted

32. Applications and diagnostic techniques Slide 16.60 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings genetic birth defects Down syndrome Spina bifida Cystic fibrosis MD

33. Diagnostic testing Slide 16.60 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ultrasound/sonogram

34. Diagnostic testing Slide 16.60 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings amniocentesis

35. Diagnostic testing Slide 16.60 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings CVS

36. Diagnostic testing Slide 16.60 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings karyotyping

37. Diagnostic testing Slide 16.60 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings karyotyping