1. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Conflicts Over Reconstruction

2. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Explain why conflicts developed over plans for Reconstruction. Describe the changes in the South brought about by Radical Reconstruction. Explain how Congress tried to remove President Johnson from office. Describe how the Ku Klux Klan and other secret societies tried to prevent African Americans from exercising their rights. Objectives

3. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Andrew Johnson – Vice President who became President when Lincoln was assassinated Hiram Revels – an African American senator Blanche Bruce – an African American senator scalawag – a southern white who had opposed secession carpetbagger – a northern white who went south to start a business or pursue political office Terms and People

4. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Terms and People (continued) impeachment – bringing of formal charges against a public official black codes – new laws used by southern states to control African Americans

5. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. How did disagreements over Reconstruction lead to conflict in government and in the South? President Andrew Johnson and Congress disagreed over plans for Reconstruction. This led to a battle for power between Congress and the Presidency.

6. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Like Lincoln, President Johnson proposed a less demanding plan for Reconstruction. He gave amnesty to most former Confederates. He allowed southern states to organize new governments and elect representatives to Congress.

7. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Johnson required states to ratify the Thirteenth Amendment. This amendment abolished slavery and forced labor. The Thirteenth Amendment gave Congress the power to make laws to enforce its terms. Slavery

8. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Congress rejected Johnson’s lenient approach and began to debate a new plan. Anger over these developments led Radical Republicans in Congress to adopt a hard line. To sidestep the abolishment of slavery, some southerners supported black codes, a system of near-slavery.

9. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The struggle over Reconstruction led to direct clashes between the President and Congress. Johnson vetoed the bill. Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866. It gave citizenship to African Americans. Congress overturned the veto. It became law.

10. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The Fourteenth Amendment The Fourteenth Amendment was not fully enforced until the 1970s. Next, Congress passed the Fourteenth Amendment. All people born or naturalized in the United States are citizens. States must allow all males over 21 to vote.

11. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. They passed the Reconstruction Act of 1867. The act stated that to return to the Union, southern states had to: write a new state constitution ratify the Fourteenth Amendment allow African Americans to vote Radical Republicans won enough support to begin a series of reforms known as Radical Reconstruction.

12. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The act imposed military rule on states that refused to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment, dividing them into five military districts.

13. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. President Andrew Johnson majority of white men must swear oath of loyalty states must ratify 13 th Amendment former Confederate officials may vote and hold office Radical Republicans state governments must disband states must write new constitutions states must ratify 13 th and 14 th Amendments must allow African American men to vote Overall, the Reconstruction policies of the Radical Republicans were much stricter and more comprehensive than those of President Johnson.

14. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Radical Reconstruction brought about many improvements: Southern states opened their first public schools. Taxes and voting rules became fairer for all citizens. Legislators granted women property rights. States rebuilt bridges, roads, and buildings.

15. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. For the first time in American history, African Americans in the South played an active role in politics. African Americans were elected to local and statewide offices. Hiram Revels and Blanche Bruce became the nation’s first African American senators.

16. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The Republican Party built a strong following during this time, based on three groups. Freedmen voters. Scalawags, or southern whites who had opposed secession. Carpetbaggers, or northern whites who came to work in the South. 1 2 3

17. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The Radicals tried to remove President Johnson from office by impeachment. Johnson received just enough votes to stay in office. Then, General Ulysses S. Grant won the 1868 presidential election. Radical Republican power peaked in 1868. Grant was a moderate, so the Radicals began to lose power.

18. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. In 1869, Congress approved the Fifteenth Amendment. Secret societies such as the Ku Klux Klan used terror and violence to keep African Americans from voting. States had to allow African Americans to vote.

19. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Although Reconstruction guaranteed rights to more Americans, huge challenges still remained. Congress passed laws barring the use of force against African American voters. Klan violence took hundreds of lives during the election of 1868. Congress responded to Klan violence in the 1870s.