1. CS-LNF 31 May 2006 Agenda: Second generation at DAFNE. Precision physics Nuclear physics Particle physics “High energy” physics Is it worth doing it?...How and when…?

2. 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 FINUDAFINUDA ?-KLOE2?SIDDHARTA FEL – SPARC HILL – FLAME Accelerazione Laser CNAO SPARCX- TORVERGATA LNF-INFN horizon Synchrotron light at DAFNE LINAC BTF KLOE CTF3- Comb.Ring AND RUNNING AT CERN DAFNE UPGRADES ILC LHC RF-X TESLA DAFNE RUNNING AND MAINTENANCE SPARX-ino?

3. To have a second generation experiment at LNF ……………..we have to say it now……………

4. COLLIDERS FACTORIES SUPERFACTORIES Linear colliders

5. DAfne New Adjustable Energy : letter of intents 49 Authors Frascati Novosibirsk Brookhaven SLAC Japan? 50ft-1 in 5 years 1-2.4 GeV total energy 8-10 *10 32 cm-2 s-1 (11 ft-1/ anno)

6. DANAE Energy and Luminosity Range Energy @center of mass (GeV)1.022.4 Integrated Luminosity per year (ftbarn -1 ) >101 Total integrated luminosity >503 Peak luminosity > (cm -2 sec -1 )10 33 10 32

7. LETTER OF INTENTS AUTHORS INSTITUTES IST-ESTERI 1) AMADEUS 111 30 24 2) DANAE-L 7 LNF 3) DANTE 72 22 11 4) KLOE-2 70 12 7

8. Use of DA  NE buildings Use of DA  NE infrastructures Use of DA  NE injection system + upgrade of transfer lines Use of large part of magnets, diagnostics New Dipoles Wigglers Rf system Vacuum chamber Interaction region Application of new technologies Use of all expertise and experience of DA  NE Use of DA  NE runs for R&D while increasing L for next experiments

9. DANAE layout SC wigglers Sc rf INJECTION IR Only one IR Continuous injection……..

10. Table II – DANAE design parameters as a  -factory, and at the maximum energy, compared with DA  NE parameters at the present peak luminosity. Units DA  NE DANAE @  DANAE 1.2 GeV Energy (center of mass)E cm GeV1.02 2.4 Energy per ringEGeV0.51 1.2 CircumferenceCm97.6996.34 Revolution frequencyF rev MHz3.073.11 Time between collisionsTcnsec2.726 Bunch spacingsbsb m0.810.601.80 Half crossing angle  /2 mrad15 # of Colliding BunchesNbNb 11015030 More bunches…….

11. Particles per bunchN part (10 10 )2-333.4 Beam current (e-/e+)IA1.4/1.32.250.5 Bunch current (e-/e+)IbIb mA13/121516.6 Peak Luminosity (10 32 )L peak cm -2 sec -1 1.510> 2 Specific Luminosity/bunch (10 28 ) L sp cm -2 sec -1 mA -2 0.933 H  function @ IP Hm211 V  function @ IP Vcm1.80.81 Horizontal emittance  m rad0.40.45 Coupling factor  1.10.5 H  in collision xx mm1.260.95 V  in collision yy mm 12.666.7 Beam-beam tune shift xx 0.0260.0300.014 yy 0.0250.0380.020 Bunch length (e-/e+) LL cm3/211.5 Piwinski angle  rad0.420.22.33 Momentum compaction cc 0.0270.020.03 More specific luminosity……….more current… Units DA  NE DANAE @  DANAE 1.2 GeV

12. N+N-N+N- Increasing of cross section with current due - Beam-beam - Single beam effects (Single bunch effects + Total current effects) Stronger for lower energy Increasing the luminosity by: Increasing the slope (smaller cross section) Increasing the current Fighting the blowup effects Higher luminosities DA  NE highest L

13. DANAE LATTICE

14. Energy spread – bunch length – rf system More radiation : larger energy spread – longer bunch Bunch length can be shortened by increasing h, V Natural bunch length and energy spread at low current are defined by the magnetic lattice, the momentum compaction and the rf system

15. Short bunch length at high current: Low impedance High voltage Above the microwave instability current threshold  L increases with the current, not depending on  c SIMULATIONS and MEASUREMENTS ON DA  NE SIMULATIONS for DANAE

16. DANAE lattice and dynamic aperture

17. IT IS EASIER Increasing the luminosity by: Increasing the slope (smaller cross section) Fighting the blowup effects BUT Power = Current x Energy loss Higher energies Higher Magnetic fields Limit in power = Limit in current

18. 12 DIPOLES per ring normal conducting Maximum field: 1.72 T Gap = 4.3 cm I 2 = 2.7 m -1 1.72 T Dipole Magnet, POISSON simulation

19. SC Wigglers to further increase radiation L w = 6 m @ B = 4 T  x (@510 MeV) = 13 msec I 2 = 22 m -1  x (@1.2 GeV) = 5 msec I 2 = 6 m -1 Energy0.511.2 Maximum magnetic field B max T44 Total number of poles19 Total lengthm2.96 Central pole lengthcm16 End poles lengthcm88 2 nd and penultimate poles lengthcm12 End poles field ratio with B max 0.5 2 nd and penultimate field ratio with B max 11 Max trajectory oscillationmm62.5 Path – wiggler length differencemm11.82.1 Total vertical beam stay clearcm22 Total horizontal beam stay clearcm8.5 E = 0.51 GeVE = 1.2 GeV DANAE wiggler parameters

20. B y (s) B y (x)  B y /B y = 5 10 -4 @ 2 cm SC Wiggler built at BINP B max = 7 T for SIBERIAII Collaboration with BINP group:

21. RF system Harmonic number : 160 Maximum # bunches: 150  -Energy High Energy f RF 500 MHz V RF 0.5 MV1.5 MV typeSC, KEKB-like R/Q46 Ω Q0Q0 2 ∙ 10 9 @ 4.2 K RsRs 92 GΩ P RF 1.5 W12.5 W P Static 40 W IbIb 2.25 A0.5 A U rad 21.4 keV165 keV P Beam 48 kW82.5 kW 100 kW CW, IOT or Klystron Q ext 32 ∙ 10 3 6.6 ∙ 10 3

22. DANAE Interaction Region – tunable with energy and B sol Compatible with KLOE detector SC low beta quads + skews + antisolenoids

23. SC coils winding procedure – Brookhaven (Brett Parker)

24. Transverse view DANAE QD DANAE Antisolenoid 2D Longitudinal view B. Parker design

25. VACUUM CHAMBERS Keep more regular vacuum chamber shape (experience from DA  NE and CTF3) Use of small ICE wih negligible impedance Ti coating for e+ surfaces Optimisation of slots and bellows for 1 cm bunch lengths Negligible contribution to impedance of short ICEs CTF3 vacuum chambers

26. Longitudinal Feedback kicker Parameters of PEPII kicker, designed by LNF, almost equal to DANAE ones.

27. Injection system Linac + Accumulatore OK Doubling transfer lines for optimizing New kickers (R&D on DA  NE in progress) Ramping for high energy option The High Luminosity option needs continuous injection

28. Tentative schedule To CDR and Project approval(2006) To + 1 year call for tender To + 2 years construction and delivery To + 3 years DA  NE decommissioning and DANAE installation To + 4 years 1 st beam for commissioning and for 1 st experiment (2010)

29. Boosting DANAE basic performances Crab cavity Twisted crab Strong rf focusing ……… Very intense R&D on DAFNE is possible ….make a choise….the right one………….. and do it quickly….....

30. Questions to answer: 1)Is it the physics (particle and nuclear) worth doing? 2)Should we include the high energy option? 3)Which machine R&D’s have priority? 4)How to proceed? 1)Which detector upgrades are necessary? 2) Does it exists a collaboration willing to do it?

31. Running cost for electric energy only Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 tot costo ENEL Lum.Int DAFNE 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 35 Me Lum.Int DANAE 5 0 2 2 2 2 2 15 Me Save 20 Me In 5 years it will be too expensive to run DAFNE!

32. Basic DANAE Parameters  N-N Energy per beamE GeV 0.511.2 CircumferenceC m 100 LuminosityL cm -2 sec -1 10 33 10 32 Current per beamI A 2.50.5 N of bunchesNbNb 15030 Particles per bunchN10 3.13.4 Emittance  mm mrad 0.45 Horizontal beta* xx m 11 Vertical beta* yy cm 0.81 Bunch length LL cm 11.5 Coupling  % 0.5 Energy lost per turnUoUo (keV) 21165 L damping time xx (msec) 7.62.2 Beam PowerPwPw (kW) 48 (42w + 6d)83 (43w + 40d) Power per meterP w /m (kW/m) 7w + 0.4d7.2w + 2.7d