1. Union Catalogue Models Presentation for IFLA Libraries for the Blind Section Janifer Gatenby, Strategic Research

2. 2 Agenda Needs Models Models and Needs Infrastructure Models and Infrastrucure Advanced Needs Summary

3. 3 Needs for Union Catalogues Discovery Web presence – Exposure Delivery Cataloguing Collection Development Advanced Needs –Gestalt effect – data quality, data mining –Collective Innovation Purposes of Union Catalogues

4. 4 Discovery and Exposure Unified point of discovery –larger resources are better exposed in general (single shop versus row of shops versus mall) –comprehensive resources are more attractive to users more likely to use; more likely to contribute via WIKI Ease load on local OPAC provide identity to a library cooperative Purposes of Union Catalogues

5. 5 Discovery and Exposure Purposes of Union Catalogues

6. 6 Discovery and Exposure Purposes of Union Catalogues

7. 7 FRBR – Alternative editions Purposes of Union Catalogues

8. 8 Without clustering FRBR

9. 9 With Clustering FRBR

10. 10 Expansion of search Global Group Local Purposes of Union Catalogues

11. 11 Worldcat.org Statistics March 2007 Reference : 14,118,777 –Daily average: 455,444 Links to libraries: 834,866 03 2006 96% 363% Exposition

12. 12 Referrals to WorldCat.org pages JulAugSepOctNovDec 10 2 Referrals In millions Month over month 6 Exposure

13. 13 Worldcat.org Referrals March / April 2007

14. 14 Delivery Resource sharing Sharing of users –Your users find resources elsewhere –Others users find your resources Delivery becoming increasingly separated from discovery Increasing delivery options –Digitisation on demand, reference look-up, purchase, resolution –Union catalogues need to link to multiple providers Purposes of Union Catalogues

15. 15 Appropriate Delivery Options Wanted Item Digital FreeLicensed Physical In Print Out of Print In Copyright Out of Copyright RareCommon Access Restricted Link, Resolve, Print on Demand Copy Loan, Digitize, Lookup Authenticate / Authorise, Purchase / Pay International Discovery to Delivery

16. 16 Digitisation on Demand Encourage use of eTen DoD –libraries only need a scanner –Software plug in on HTML page ++ –cover to cover – books, pictures –Out of copyright; exceptions for blind, country specific –On demand / just in time –Payment options – direct, credit card, cash to library –Evolving service ILS interfaces – loan, reservation, recording URL Regional & international registration of digital masters

17. 17 Union Catalogue RDS Discovery Universe Delivery Universe CISTI Subito national / regional services ……… BLDSC Doc Del nuc WorldCat RS OPACs Portals +++ Request Transfer Msg OpenURL Union Catalogues

18. 18 Data Management shared data maintenance –copy cataloguing - efficiencies –ability to improve the data quality – FRBR grouping, authority control –data mining and statistical possibilities cooperative collection management –collection analysis –cooperative digitisation –cooperative storage, weeding, purchasing Purposes of Union Catalogues

19. 19 Union catalogue models Virtual Meta search engines Physical Created and maintained by online shared cataloguing Created and maintained via batch load from local systems Combinations Partly virtual; partly physical Online cataloguing and batch load Subset of a larger catalogue WorldCat Group Catalog / WorldCat Local 2/2

20. 20 Advantages: Light weight organization Relatively easy to implement; easy to get agreements Need metasearch engine and portal Ad-hoc basis: easy to extend – easy to disconnect Disadvantages: Slow Limited common searching accesses Limited sorting / relevance Duplicates Searching inefficiencies Varying quality Availability of all systems Configuration maintenance Virtual Union Catalogue Search / Retrieve Standards Z39.50 SRU OpenSearch Maintenance Standards none Virtual Model

21. 21 Z39.50 Searches - SUDOC

22. 22 Physical union catalogue –system performance advantages of single resource Up time & speed –consistently indexed data offers better precision and recall in retrieval –easier and cheaper to create and maintain data links centrally TOC, index, article level data thumbnails, reviews –Ease load on local OPAC Physical Model

23. 23 Subset – WorldCat.org Speed of searching a single system Searching at local / group / global levels Exposure WorldCat.org partner network – Google, Yahoo, MSN, online bookshops, antiquarian bookshops, Ask.com etc. Enriched data Audience level, holdings count, copyright WorldCat Identities Book covers, reviews, tables of contents Modern, Library 2.0 interface Perpetual beta, rapidly evolving Improved displays, faceted searching Social networking features Registry of Digital Masters Collection Analysis Work Cluster Service

24. 24 Models / Needs Possible combinations –Physical union catalogue + global subset –Global subset + additional virtual component DiscoveryExposureDeliveryCataloguingCollection Developt Gestalt Data mining Innovation Virtual Physical Subset standardZ39.50 SRU RTM NCIP ISO ILL

25. 25 Infrastructure Maintain portal –Load on Local OPACs Maintain physical catalogue –Local Extract –Loading and Conversion –Online maintenance Cataloguing Support –Error corrections –Quality police - consistency Global exposure –Export to union catalogue Infrastructure

26. 26 Physical union catalogue Infrastructure Batch versus Online batch data less consistent but converted & de-duplicated Not as up to date Most union catalogues have some batch contribution Optimal = SRU update

27. 27 Online Contribution to CBS Windows client WinIBW Web client Holdings Record capture Simple new record input (Australia) Z39.50 / UCP From Aleph systems in Germany SRU update Real time update from an alternative interface Q1 2006 Infrastructure

28. 28 Batch Contribution to CBS FTP Files sent to FTP server associated with CBS (PUSH) OAI PMH CBS OAI server enacts transactions to retrieve pre-defined sets of data from another database (PULL) Email / SMTP Infrastructure

29. 29 External Output CatalogueCatalogue MirrorOPACMirrorOPAC Push DocumentsDocumentsRepositoryRepository OAIPull CatalogueCatalogueUnioncatalogueUnioncatalogue SRU Update Push Infrastructure

30. 30 NCC GGC LOGLOG PUSH SRU UPDATE M21 WorldCat identifiers, FRBR work id WorldCat SRU UPDATE Infrastructure

31. 31 Update protocols compared SRU Update Two databases are not identical – e.g. A union catalogue is not a slave of the contributing catalogues immediate availability of records –Scalability, no scheduling & batch maintenance interactive feedback – alignment, enrichment –Identifiers –Inter-record links – authorities,. Diagnostics – diffused error resolution OAI & FTP –Suited for batch loading –OAI is used where the data source exposes the metadata to be harvested for discovery purposes –Where the data source does not expect the data to be changed by the harvesting site or does not care –Hence one way – no mechanism for response or future synchronisation Infrastructure

32. 32 Subset – WorldCat.org Independent loading from institutions regardless of Location Data formats and standards No infrastructure Lowest setup and maintenance costs WorldCat Local option Ability to add virtual collections to search

33. 33 Models / Infrastructure Maintain Portal Load on local OPAC Cataloguing Support Local Extract Loading & Conversion Export to global Data difference tolerance Virtual Physical Subset

34. 34 Faceted Searching Sorting

35. 35 Audience Level and Rareness Data Mining

36. 36

37. 37

38. 38 Collection Analysis: Gestalt effect

39. 39 Innovation

40. 40

41. 41 We can do it !!