1. K. Pister, J. Kahn, B. Boser (UCB) S. Morris (MLB)
DARPA
MTO
MEMS
SMART DUST
K. Pister, J. Kahn, B. Boser
(UCB)
S. Morris
(MLB)

2. Goals Autonomous sensor node (mote) in 1 mm3 MAV delivery
Thousands of motes
Many interrogators
Demonstrate useful/complex integration in 1 mm3

3. COTS Dust GOALS: Create a network of sensors
Explore system design issues
Provide a platform to test Dust components
Use off the shelf components

4. COTS Dust - RF Motes Atmel Microprocessor RF Monolithics transceiver
916MHz, ~20m range, 4800 bps
1 week fully active, 2 N S E W
2 Axis Magnetic Sensor
2 Axis Accelerometer
Light Intensity Sensor
Humidity Sensor
Pressure Sensor
Temperature Sensor

5. COTS Dust - Network Simulation
Cheap platforms --> Lots of nodes -->
Network challenges!

6. COTS Dust - Optical Motes
CCR mote
4 corner cubes
40% hemisphere
Laser mote
650nm laser pointer
2 day life full duty

7. CCR Interogator

8. Video Semaphore Decoding
Diverged 5.2 km
In shadow in evening sun
Diverged 300m
Shadow or full sunlight

9. 1 Mbps CMOS imaging receiver

10. Optical Communication (vs. RF)
Pro:
low power
small aperture
spatial division multiplexing
high data rates
LPI/LPD
baseband coding
Con:
line of sight
atmospheric turbulence

11. Turbulent Channel

12. Micro Mote - First Attempt

13. 2D beam scanning
laser
lens
CMOS ASIC
Steering Mirror
AR coated dome

14. 6-bit DAC Driving Scanning Mirror
Open loop control
Insensitive to disturbance
Potentially low power

15. Power and Energy Sources Storage Usage Solar cells Thermopiles
Batteries ~1 J/mm3
Capacitors ~1 mJ/mm3
Usage
Digital control: nW
Analog circuitry: nJ/sample
Communication: nJ/bit

16. Dust Delivery Floaters Autorotators Rockets MAVs solar cells
thermopiles
MAVs
MOTE

17. MAV Delivery
Built by MLB Co.
60 mph
18 min
1 mi comm

18. Applications DoD Civilian Battlefield sensor networks
Sensor mine-fields, burrs and fleas
Traffic mapping
Captured terrain surveillance
Bunker mapping
...
Civilian
High speed/low power IRDA
Interactive virtual ballet
...