1. NISO/NFAIS Supplemental Journal Article Materials Working Group: An Update on an Industry Initiative Alexander (Sasha) Schwarzman American Geophysical Union sschwarzman@agu.org Co-chair, NISO/NFAIS Working Group on Journal Article Supplemental Materials 2011 CROSSREF WORKSHOPS Cambridge, MA 14 November 2011

2. Deluge: sup. mat. ratio Cambridge, MA 14 November 2011CrossRef Workshops 2 Chart courtesy of Ken Beauchamp, American Society for Clinical Investigation

3. What is in the Pandoras box? Multimedia Chemical structures, crystallographic structures, 3-D images, gene sequences, protein structures Computer programs (algorithms, code, libraries, and executables) Tables, Figures, Text (Experimental procedures, Extended methodology, Survey results, Derivations, Extended bibliographies, …) Datasets (datasets are not the focus of this group) Cambridge, MA 14 November 2011CrossRef Workshops 3

4. Supplemental materials: Yes, we can! Enabling technology makes it possible for: authors to present supporting evidence, e.g. - datasets - multimedia researchers to present in-depth studies that would not be available in print readers to replicate experiments and verify results Cambridge, MA 14 November 2011CrossRef Workshops 4

5. Yes, we can… But should we? Do I (reader, reviewer) really need to look at sup. mat.? [Degree of importance] How do I (librarian, indexer) know sup. mat. exists? How do I find it? [Discoverability] How do I cite / link to sup. mat.? [Identification and Linking] Will sup. mat. be available in 20 years? … 200 years? [Preservation] Cambridge, MA 14 November 2011CrossRef Workshops 5

6. Yes, we can… But should we? (contd) Will sup. mat. be viewable / executable? [Conversion / Forward migration] Then: Is this object original or converted? How do I transmit sup. mat. and know that nothing was lost or corrupted? [Packaging] Who owns it? [Intellectual property rights] Who has custody? [Curatorial responsibility] Who pays for curating? [Business models] Cambridge, MA 14 November 2011CrossRef Workshops 6

7. Who cares? You should – if you are an … Author / Editor Reviewer Reader Publisher Hosting platform / Institutional Repository / Data center / Individual A&I service Reference linking and Citation indexing service Librarian / Archivist / Historian of scholarship Cambridge, MA 14 November 2011CrossRef Workshops 7

8. NISO / NFAIS Working Group Cambridge, MA 14 November 2011CrossRef Workshops 8

9. Supplemental content type: Integral, Additional, Related Cambridge, MA 14 November 2011CrossRef Workshops 9

10. Classification Supplemental materials - Integral content (pseudo-supplemental) For technical, business, or logistical reasons treated as if it were supplemental – but it is NOT! - Additional content (truly supplemental) Related content Generally resides in an official data center or institutional repository. The publisher has no responsibility or authority over it and does not host it. No recommended practices offered. - Cambridge, MA 14 November 2011CrossRef Workshops 10

11. Recommended business practices Integral contentAdditional content Selecting / Peer reviewing At the same level as core article May not be reviewed at the same level CopyeditingAt the same level as core article. Should be noted if not May not be edited at the same level. If so, should be noted Referencing within article Cite/link at the same level as table or fig. No ref. list entry, for this content is part of article Provide in-text citation and link at the appropriate point in text, rather than at the end Citing from other pubs Not to be cited separately. Cite article as a whole Can be cited separately References within sup. mat. Integrate references into the ref. list of the core article Keep references separate from the core article ref. list Cambridge, MA 14 November 2011CrossRef Workshops 11

12. Recommended business practices (contd) Integral contentAdditional content PreservingPreserve at the same level as the core article Provide the same metadata markup Include in migration plans Take preservation into consideration when accepting If uncertain about preservation, have author submit to a trusted repository and link to it Intellectual property rights Treat rights in the same manner as the rights for the core article Anyone who has access to online article should also have access to Integral content Determination of rights for Additional content may differ and should be transparent to users Cambridge, MA 14 November 2011CrossRef Workshops 12

13. Recommended business practices (contd) Identifying / linking and managing sup. mat. - Identify sup. mat. using DOIs to ensure links to and from core article - Links should be bidirectional - Separate DOIs for Integral and Additional content - If journal content is hosted by a host / aggregator it should also deliver supplemental materials - An authors website is not an appropriate place for the sole posting of supplemental materials Cambridge, MA 14 November 2011CrossRef Workshops 13

14. Recommended business practices (contd) Discovering supplemental materials - Consistent placement, naming, and navigation - Indicate presence in the table of contents - Link to Integral content from within the article - Link to Additional content above the fold on the first PDF or HTML page of the article - Aid A&I services by including metadata that indicate the purpose and format of the supplemental materials Cambridge, MA 14 November 2011CrossRef Workshops 14

15. Recommended business practices (contd) Providing context for sup. materials Include on a landing page or within the content: - Core article citation and DOI - Title and/or succinct statement about the content - For multimedia: player, file extension, and size - List multiple files - Browser information, if supplemental content rendition is browser-dependent - Sup. mat. DOI or another identifier, if assigned Cambridge, MA 14 November 2011CrossRef Workshops 15

16. Technical Recommendations Metadata schema - Supplemental material (top-level wrapper) - Core article (parent article) metadata - Type: (Integral | Additional) - Core article item being supplemented (figure, table, etc.) - Descriptive metadata - Physical metadata - Object or Object group Cambridge, MA 14 November 2011CrossRef Workshops 16

17. Technical Recommendations (contd) Metadata schema (contd) - Object or Object group Core article item being supplemented Descriptive metadata Physical metadata Object or Object group Cambridge, MA 14 November 2011CrossRef Workshops 17

18. Object groups Logically different objects that share some common metadata, e.g., a series of graphs or images Various representation of the same logical object, e.g., A chemical structure represented by: - a connection table, - an image of a molecule in a static orientation, and - an interactive application allowing manipulation by the viewer. Protein-related information represented by: - analytical measurements, - chemical structure, and - derived structures. Cambridge, MA 14 November 2011CrossRef Workshops 18

19. Descriptive metadata ID version label contrib_group content_descriptor title language alt_title accessibility_long_desc summary subject_descriptor physical_form_descriptor ref_count publication_info creation_date preservation_level copyright license open_access Cambridge, MA 14 November 2011CrossRef Workshops 19

20. Physical metadata creation_application - platform - software (name, version) - application_information ext_link filename fixity - fixity_method - fixity_value format format_registry mime_subtype mime_type primary_representation relationship rendering-application - platform - software (name, version) - application_information size validity Cambridge, MA 14 November 2011CrossRef Workshops 20

21. Packaging Journal title / ISSN Core article metadata Persistent link to core article Persistent link to supplemental materials Manifest (machine-readable) - Number of top-level object groups / objects - Number of objects in each object group - File names and total size of each object group with its objects - Copyright status of each object group / object - Description - Executable information and instructions Cambridge, MA 14 November 2011CrossRef Workshops 21

22. Conceptual challenges Heterogeneity: an archive (ZIP, TAR, RAR) or a document (PDF, MS Word) may contain both Integral and Additional content. The two may need to be separated for different identification and linking Hierarchy and Recurrence: an archive may contain a tree with many branches and sub- branches with nested objects and groups Cambridge, MA 14 November 2011CrossRef Workshops 22

23. Conceptual challenges (contd) Granularity down: what to identify entire sup. mat., groups, objects, …? At what level do you stop? Granularity up: link to a specific item within the core article or to the core article as a whole? Relationships: related but logically different objects; alternate representations of logically the same object Cambridge, MA 14 November 2011CrossRef Workshops 23

24. Practical challenges Is sup. mat. importance in the eye of the beholder? (whats Additional to you is Integral to me) some beholders are more equal than others: a decision made upfront determines downstream processing Real costs, hypothetical benefits Business models: is sup. mat. a money maker or a money waster? Cambridge, MA 14 November 2011CrossRef Workshops 24

25. What does the future hold? … over time the concept of supplemental material will gradually give way to a more modern concept of a hierarchical or layered presentation in which a reader can define which level of detail best fits their interests and needs. Marcus, E. (2009), Taming supplemental material, Cell 139(1), p.11, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.09.021 Cambridge, MA 14 November 2011CrossRef Workshops 25

26. Sources Beebe, L. (2010), Supplemental materials for Journal articles: NISO/NFAIS Joint Working Group, Information Standards Quarterly 22(3), p.33, doi:10.3789/isqv22n3.2010.0710.3789/isqv22n3.2010.07 Carpenter, T. (2009), Journal article supplementary materials: A Pandoras box of issues needing best practices, Against the Grain 21(6), p.84 Marcus, E. (2009), Taming supplemental material, Cell 139(1), p.11, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.09.02110.1016/j.cell.2009.09.021 Maunsell, J. (2010), Announcement regarding supplemental material, The Journal of Neuroscience 30(32): p.10599 NFAIS (2009), Best practices for publishing journal articles, 30 pp., http://www.nfais.org/files/file/Best_Practices_Final_Public.pdf http://www.nfais.org/files/file/Best_Practices_Final_Public.pdf Schwarzman, S. (2010), Supplemental materials survey, Information Standards Quarterly 22(3), p.23, doi:10.3789/isqv22n3.2010.0510.3789/isqv22n3.2010.05 http://www.agu.org/dtd/Presentations/sup-mat/10.3789_isqv22n3.2010.05.pdf NISO/NFAIS Supplemental journal article materials project http://www.niso.org/workrooms/supplemental sschwarzman@agu.org Cambridge, MA 14 November 2011CrossRef Workshops 26

27. Q & A