2. Napoleon: Reformer Or Conqueror? (1799-1815) I.Intro: Background & “The Man” II.Reformer A.Reforms B.Limits III.Conqueror A.Empire Draft B.Coalition C.Fall IV.Legacy…? Key Terms Plebiscite Concordat Napoleonic Code Lycées Conscription Russian Invasion Grand Army

3. Announcements: Extra Credit Friday 3/5 at 7:30: Otis Murphy (Classical Saxophonist) at Ludington Center for the Arts Gypsy: March 12, 13; 19, 20 at 7:30; March 14 & 21 at 2:00 at Manistee’s Ramsdell Theater WSCC students will be admitted free if they make reservations at the WSCC Box Office M-F 8-12:00 or leave a message at 843-5507 To do: Attend the event & write a summary (one page, single-spaced, typed, 350 word) Up to five points can be added to discussion grade

4. Plebiscite (Napoleon’s Use of “Democracy”) 1.Napoleon overthrew the Government (1799) 3,000,000 Approved 3,000 Disapproved 2.Napoleon was named Emperor (1804) 3,500,000 Approved 2,600 Disapproved A direct vote by the people on a specific issue. He used rhetoric of Revolution to “legitimize” his actions, but gave people very little choice.

5. Concordat (Between Napoleon & Pope in 1801) 1.France reverted back to “old” calendar. 2.Catholicism was the “preferred religion” of France. 3.Catholic Church could control primary education. 4.Church leaders had to take loyalty oaths to the government. This was VERY popular in France. Pope Pius VII

6. Napoleonic Code (1804) 1.Established equality under the law and abolished privileges based on birth. 2.Individuals may choose their own occupations. 3.Father’s absolute authority over family was restored. French coin minted in honor of the Napoleon’s Code

7. Education Reforms Local churches controlled primary education: open to boys & girls. Established Lycées (high schools): public education system to train public servants. Established university of France

8. Limits To Reforms 1.No Freedom of the Press (only four state- controlled newspapers in Paris by 1811). 2.Political opposition was crushed. Secret Police

9. French Empire 1.Napoleon’s Goal: Control all of Europe Paris = Capital Society based on Napoleonic Code 2.How to pay…? 3. Successes… Skilled leader Conscription/Draft Sold Louisiana to US for $15,000,000

10. Conscription/Draft (Permanent Service Was Expected) 1.Each community was required to provide a “quota” of soldiers to fight. 2.A Draft Lottery was conducted. 3.Those “drafted” had to serve or hire a substitute. Demonstrates Napoleon’s TOTAL POWER!

11. Coalition Against France A coalition was formed to fight France –Great Britain, Prussia, Austria & Russia— Spain

12. Russian Invasion (1812) 1.Napoleon gathered his “Grand Army” –600,000 troops vs. 160,000 Russians 2.France successfully attacked in July; Russians retreated (scorched-earth policy). MAJOR mistake & led to his downfall! 3.French occupied Moscow, but were overextended & retreated; only 100,000 Grand Army troops remained.

13. Assumption Cathedral-1479 (Where Tsars were crowned; Napoleon kept horses here)

14. Impact of Napoleonic Invasion 1812 Memorial Arch recognizes the defeat of Napoleon.

15. Napoleon’s Fall France was invaded & defeated in 1814. He returned for “100 Days” in 1815. He died in 1821 on the Island of St. Helena.

16. Napoleon’s Legacy 1.His reforms created opportunity for millions. 2.France was devastated physically & economically; hundreds of thousands died. 3.Influenced modern leaders: Used military force to gain power and backed it up with rhetoric of Revolution. Overall, was his legacy positive or negative for the people of France?

17. Napoleon: Reformer Or Conqueror? (1799-1815) I.Intro: Background & “The Man” II.Reformer A.Reforms B.Limits III.Conqueror A.Empire Draft B.Coalition C.Fall IV.Legacy…? Key Terms Plebiscite Concordat Napoleonic Code Lycées Conscription Russian Invasion Grand Army