3.  Information technology is defined as the use of computer hardware and software to manage information.  Six functions of data management: Convert Store Protect Process Transmit Retrieve Information Technology

4.  To perform any operations, computers must convert information into bit formats; this means putting data into an electronic format that is able to be stored and retrieved.  Primary storage (memory) is located in the hard drive. It can be directly accessed by the central processing unit (CPU).  Secondary storage is storage located outside the computer which includes CDs, USBs, discs, and external hard drives. Convert and Store

5.  Protecting your data prevents data corruption and limits access to the data.  Ways to protect data include: Disk encryption Backup files - internally or on external media in case data is lost Data masking - hiding specific private data within a database Data erasure - destroys all electronic data on hard drive in the event that it is discarded or reused Protect

6.  Processing is the conversion of data into usable information.  CPU (Central Processing Unit) Fetches instructions for program from memory. Decodes and reads instructions. Portions of CPU connect and execute instructions. Writes back results to memory. Processing

7.  Physical transfer of data over a medium, such as a copper wire, optical fiber, or wireless.  Networks: enables two or more computers to share files, printers, and communicate with each other. Server: large, powerful digital storage that performs a service for other computers in a network; file, print, web, mail. Easier to maintain security and perform backups when files are centrally stored. Transmission

8.  Local Area Networks (LAN): contained within one building or site.  Wide Area Network (WAN): connects more than one site (Internet).  Client Server: client computers are all connected by a central server; can be LAN or WAN  Peer-to-Peer: computers are connected to each other but files are not stored in a central location; can only be LAN. Types of Networks

9.  Connects millions of people around the globe.  Used for obtaining and providing information. IP Address: each computer has one; enables data to be sent and received from a specific computer (HTML;E-mail) Internet

10.  Data retrieval is the science of searching.  Users enter a query into a search engine.  Computer information retrieval system scores objects in database by relevancy and displays those most relevant to the query. Retrieval

11.  Word processors: used to create and edit documents.  Spreadsheets: used to analyze figures and present information in the form of graphs/charts.  Databases: store information about a set of similar items.  Publishing: allows more control over formatting and arranging than word processing.  PowerPoint: used for business presentations and to present factual information for persuasive purposes Common IT Applications

12.  IT managers are needed to manage the information systems that we use for everyday data processing and storage.  Jobs in IT: Network Engineer Network Administrator System Administrator IT Project Manager Chief Information Officer Careers in IT

13.  Telegraph invented in 1837 also known as the “Victorian Internet”. First world communication system  Telephone was invented in1876.  Radio was invented in1894.  Mark I: first programmable digital computer. History of IT

14.  ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer): used vacuum tubes; first electronic computer. Could not store information.  EDSAC: first stored-program computer; first graphical computer game.  UNIVAC: first commercially available computer. History of IT

15.  In healthcare, IT is used in many different ways: Administrative and financial: storing patient registration records; keeping patient accounts and billing; payroll for employees. Clinical: orders for pharmaceuticals, lab tests, procedures; stores health records; results reporting for lab tests and procedures; prescription fulfillment; electronic monitoring of patients. IT in Healthcare