1. Bell ringer “ The legitimate object of government, is to do for a community of people, whatever they need to have done, but cannot do, at all, or can not so well do, for themselves – in their separate, and individual capacities. In all that people can individually do for themselves, government ought not to interfere.” – Abraham Lincoln, 1854 Have popular attitudes toward government changed since Lincolns time? Why or why not?

2. Formation of Governments Chapter 1 Section 2

3. Vocab Unitary system Federal system Confederacy Constitution Constitutional government Preamble Constitutional law Politics Industrialized nation Developing nation Goal Amend benefit

4. Government Systems Unitary system – gives all key powers to the central government (Italy, France, Great Britain) Federal system – divides powers of government between national and state Confederacy – loose union of independent states

5. Constitutions and Government Constitution – plan that provides the rules for government Purposes of : Sets out ideals that the people share and believe in Establishes structure, powers and duties Provides supreme law for the country

6. Constitutions May be written or unwritten – but are written in modern states Constitutional government – government in which a constitution has authority to place clearly recognized limits on power What might happen if a country does not have a written constitution?

7. Incomplete Guides Constitutions are incomplete for two reasons: Laws, customs, and ideas change (FDR was elected four times because at the time it was custom, not law, to serve two terms) Does not always reflect government practice (People’s Republic of China)

8. Goals and Framework Preamble – sets forth the goals and purposes of the government The body of a constitution sets up the plan for the government, along with the procedure for amending or changing it Divided into parts called articles and sections (US constitution has 7 articles and 21 sections)

9. Highest Law The constitution is the supreme law for a state Constitutional law – studies questions on how to interpret the Constitution

10. Politics and Government Politics – the effort to control or influence the conduct and policies of government Benefits – something that adds to or aids Politics is important but the framers feared special interests would hinder the government.

11. Governing in a Complex World Industrialized nations – have large industries and advanced technology to provide a comfortable life (US, Australia, Japan) Developing nations – nations only beginning to develop industrially (many African states, Southeast Asia)

12. International Organizations National liberation organizations (IRA) Terrorist organizations (Al Qaeda) Multinational Corporations (GM, BP) Organizations of world states (WTO) Nongovernmental organizations (Doctors Without Boarders)

13. Characteristics of Democracy Open to page 21 Copy down all the non italic red headings under Characteristics of Democracy and Essential Elements for Democracy