1. Irony Devices that contribute to a story

2. Standard ELACC8RL6: Analyze how differences in the points of view of characters and the audience or reader (e.g., created through the use of dramatic irony) create such effects as suspense or humor. ELACC8L5: Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings. a. Interpret figures of speech (e.g. verbal irony, puns) in context.

4. All about the Narrator Point-of-view is only referring to the narrator’s point-of-view. – You can only look at the narration to determine POV. – Words in dialogue do not count.

5. Three points-of-view First person Second person Third person

6. First Person POV The narrator is in the story and refers to him/herself. Narrator will use words like – I, me, we, us, our, my

7. First Person POV Example from Percy Jackson: Look, I didn’t want to be a half blood. If you’re reading this because you think you might be one, my advice is: close this book right now. Believe whatever lie your mom or dad told you about your birth, and try to lead a normal life. … My name is Percy Jackson. I’m 12 years old. Until a few months ago, I was a boarding student at Yancy Academy, a private school for troubled kids in upstate New York. Am I a troubled kid? Yeah. You could say that.

8. Second Person POV The second person is almost never used in literature. The second person is when the narrator says “You” and puts the reader directly into the story.

9. Second Person POV Example from Joeduncko.com There is darkness everywhere. A small amount of light is radiating from the halfmoon floating in the sky overhead. There are no stars. It is cold and humid. You look around you and find your friends gone. You are completely alone.

10. Wait just a minute! But the narrator says “you” a lot in the Percy Jackson example. See: If you’re reading this because you think you might be one, my advice is: close this book right now. Believe whatever lie your mom or dad told you about your birth, and try to lead a normal life. It’s true, Percy does talk to the reader sometimes. But Percy is still the one narrating the story, so it is still in his “first person” perspective.

11. Third Person POV The narrator is telling a story about other people. Narrator will use words like He, she, him, her, they, them, their, (and characters’ names). But wait! There’s more!

12. There are 3 types of third person narrators. Omniscient Limited Objective

13. Omniscient Narrator a narrator who knows everything that needs to be known about the characters and events in the story, and who has privileged access to a character's thoughts, feelings, and motives. This narrator never needs to say “maybe” or “perhaps” a character feels something. They always know.

14. Limited Narrator a narrator who is confined to what is experienced, thought, or felt by a single character, or at most a limited number of characters. They do not seem to be sure of what every character is feeling.

15. Objective Narrator This narrator can only tell you what can be seen or heard. They cannot know anyone’s thoughts or feelings. We are all objective observers. We can tell others what we see or hear, and we can guess at someone’s thoughts, but we can not know what they are thinking unless they tell us.

16. Guess the Narrator Lilly shivered and sobbed while sitting alone under the tree. Jacob felt a pang of pity for her, and though he worried what the others might say, he walked to her, sat beside her, and offered her his jacket. Omniscient Limited Objective

17. The Answer Is Limited

18. Guess the Narrator Lilly shivered and sobbed while sitting alone under the tree. Jacob gazed at her with a stare suggestive of pity, and his lips tightened as though he debated something of importance. He gave one timid glance back at the others, and then walked boldly over to Lilly and sat beside her and offered her his Jacket. Omniscient Limited Objective

19. The Answer Is Objective

20. Guess the Narrator Lilly shivered and tried unsuccessfully not to sob while sitting alone under the tree. She was more embarrassed and miserable than she had ever been. Jacob felt a pang of pity for her, and though he worried what the others might say, he walked to her, sat beside her, and offered her his jacket. Omniscient Limited Objective

21. The Answer Is Omniscient

22. Guess the Narrator Lilly shivered and sobbed while sitting alone under the tree. Jacob felt a pang of pity for her. He gave one timid look back to the others. They were playing keep-away with the small boy’s wallet. He could not tell if any of them were paying attention to him now. Regardless, he went to Lilly, sat beside her, and offered her his Jacket. Omniscient Limited Objective

23. The Answer Is Limited

24. Irony Irony is a difference between what is said and what is meant, what is said and what actually occurs, or between the meaning and what is understood.

25. There are 3 Types of Irony Dramatic Situational Verbal

26. Dramatic Irony When the audience knows the whole truth about a situation, but a character does not. Example: Have you ever seen a horror movie that has a killer on the loose? You, and the rest of the audience, know that the teenagers should not go walking in the woods late at night, but they think a midnight stroll would be romantic. Needless to say, the killer is right there in the woods, and the teens become the next victims.

29. Situational Irony Situational Irony is when events turn out to be the opposite of what is expected. The result of an action ends up completely different than the initial intention.

30. Situational Irony Example: You stay up all night studying for a test for once in your entire life. When you go to class, you discover the test is not until the next day.

32. Verbal Irony When a person or character says one thing, but means something totally different. Sarcasm is one example of verbal irony.

34. Irony in Tell Tale Heart Irony exists in the Tell Tale Heart. For example, the narrator thinks that the police can hear his victim's beating heart through the floorboards. He thinks that they have found him out. The audience however knows that the police have no clue that he is hiding a body. What sort of Irony is this?

35. Irony Exists in the Real World of Course

39. Task Choices 1. Now that you have a basic understanding of irony, think about an instance of irony you have encountered in real life, in a book, in a movie, or on TV. Write a paragraph describing the irony. Be sure to identify whether it is dramatic, verbal, or situational. 2. Create a narrative story or a poem that contains one of the 3 types of irony. Label the type of irony that occurs in your narrative.

40. Standard ELACC8RL6: Analyze how differences in the points of view of characters and the audience or reader (e.g., created through the use of dramatic irony) create such effects as suspense or humor.