1. UK FIRE SERVICE DEPLOYMENT PROJECT

2. Fire Cover Review The new arrangements: l Take account of life-safety measures l Are risk-based l Use flexible response

3. Origins of the Review Audit Commission Report In the Line of Fire - 1995 JCACR Report Out of the Line of Fire - 1998 Pathfinder Trials - 1999

4. Existing Standards of Fire Cover Are over 50 years old Have not been changed significantly Have no underlying rationale relating intervention to outcome

5. Main Elements Risk assessment Fire safety Response options Cover planning Costing Inspection arrangements

6. Fire Service Emergency Cover Definition: Cover is the intervention resource provided continuously by a fire brigade to respond to any incident which is reasonably likely to occur, in order to keep the risk from hazards within tolerable bounds.

7. Individual Life Risk Societal Life Risk Property Damage Environmental Damage Heritage Protection Types of Risk:

8. The Risk Model Risk of Death High Low Risk is tolerable but should be reduced to as low as reasonably practicable - ALARP region Risk is intolerable Risk is negligible

9. Four toolkits have currently been developed: –Dwellings –Other Buildings –Special Services –Major Incidents Measuring Risk – Toolkits

10. Responding to Risk - Resources Response should be appropriate to the risk Response must be pre-planned Plan for worst that can be reasonably expected The Worst Case Planning Scenario is the worst case for which fire cover will be routinely planned

11. Worst Case Planning Scenarios (WCPS) Fire cover intervention is planned on the basis of the WCPS Every risk area has a WCPS Every WCPS has a response option Each response option has a ‘ validated ’ set of resource requirements

12. How well will it work? Evaluating Performance and Cost Effectiveness Assess the effect of incident volume on the provision of fire cover resources The model will: l Allow the overall performance of fire cover plans to be assessed

13. Proposed Basic Methodology Risk based approach used successfully in other industries. Similar approaches in: –Fire Service Health & Safety –Places of Work Regulations –Fire Safety Inspection programme Concept of intolerable and tolerable risk

14. Assessing Risk Use actual data where possible –FDR1 data used to derive national relationships –Brigade incident data used to apply national relationship locally Where data insufficient, use factors likely to indicate risk

15. Risk area: –should have homogeneous risk throughout –should have the same response requirement (Worst Case Planning Scenario) throughout Assessing Risk in Practice –can be any size but should be geographically continuous –is always built from one or more census Enumeration Districts (EDs)

16. Risk group: –a collection of areas which have similar risk –can be geographically separate –used for assessing risk in a statistically robust manner Assessing Risk in Practice

17. How Risk is Assessed Dwellings Some people experience higher rates of fire and casualty than others - people who experience similar rates of fire and casualty can be grouped together to assess their risk Risk groups use brigade incident data and census data to give number of fires per household and number of casualties per person These figures are compared against national criteria for individual risk to provide risk level

18. Fire Service Emergency Cover Process Risk Assessment Response Options Packaging Resources into Vehicles Allocating Vehicles to Stations Assessment of Effectiveness

19. Worst Case Planning Scenarios For a particular hazard, this is the worst case selected by a brigade for which Fire Service Emergency Cover is to be planned. It reflects what is reasonable provision for a particular area, not the worst circumstances which can be imagined.

20. Response Planning Define Worst Case Planning Scenario (WCPS) BROS Allocate Crew and Equipment to Modules Define the Vehicles to Carry these Modules Specify the Vehicle(s) Required for Each WCPS BRAVE

21. CFBAC Scenarios

22. A Scenario Bar Chart FORWARD CONTROL POINT COMMAND BA ENTRY CONTROL PUMP OPERATION INCIDENT COMMAND Firefighter 1 Firefighter 2 Firefighter 3 Firefighter 4 Firefighter 5 Firefighter 6 Firefighter 7 Firefighter 8 Firefighter 9 Firefighter 10 Firefighter 11 CONTROL FIREFIGHTER LIFT

23. Resource List Personnel List Personnel Number Firefighter11 Attributes List Attribute Number Junior Officer Rank2

24. Equipment Number 45mm Hose 2 Pump with LP 1 Capability 70mm Hose 6 Radios 7 BA Control Board 1 Resuscitator 1 Barriers / Cones / Tapes 1 Salvage Equipment 1 Branch Pipe (Nozzle) 1 BA Spare Cylinder 4 Breaking-in Gear 1 Small Gear 1 Breathing Apparatus 4 Thermal Imager 1 First Aid Kit 1 Set of Hose Ramps 1 Hydrant Standpipe 1 Turning Over Tools 1 Equipment List Resource List

25. Define the Modules in Which the Resources will be Delivered - Examples Low Pressure Pump Module Resource Number 45mm Hose 270mm Hose 6 Barriers / Cones 1Branch Pipe (Nozzle) 2 Hydrant Standpipe 1Pump with LP Capability 1 Set of Hose Ramps 1 Firefighter Module Junior Officer Rank Module ResourceNumber Resource Number Firefighter 1Junior Officer Rank 1

26. Vehicle Type Modules Carried Number Type X Low Pressure Pump Module1 Firefighter Module 5 Junior Officer Rank Module1 Rescue Ladder Module 1 10.5m Ladder Function Module1 General Tools Module1 BA Module2 RTA Module 1 Specify the Modules Carried by Different Types of Vehicle

27. Identify the Vehicles Which Have to Attend Each WCPS ScenarioVehicles RequiredC23492 Type X B73192 Type X 2 Type X 5 minutes later 1 Type Z 10 minutes later B63222 Type X, 1Type Y B92831 Type Y C23481 Type X, 1 Type Y

28. The Allocation Process Calculate Travel Times to Enumeration Districts from Stations Place Vehicles According to Allocation Strategy Allow for the Effects of Workload Consider Performance and Cost Effectiveness Revise the Allocation Strategy

29. Calculating the Travel Times 3m 25s from A 3m 44s from B B A 3m 33s from A 3m 21s from B 2m 42s from A 3m 37s from B

30. Allocate Vehicles According to Chosen Strategy A B Vehicle Type Call Sign Turn Out Time DayNight X X Y R031 R032 S022 1m 5m 1m 5m - 1m Vehicle Type Call Sign Turn Out Time DayNight X Y Y R033 S023 S024 1m 5m 1m 5m -

31. Dwelling Fires - Lives Saved Risk of Death High Low High Rate of Fire per Person Slowest response time Fastest response time

32. Other Buildings - Lives Saved 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 5 1015 2025 Time from Call to Rescue Percentage of Rescues Complete

33. Other Buildings - Property Saved 1 2 3 Hospitals Schools Hotels Shops Care Homes Licensed Premises Public Buildings Universities Factories Offices Time Since Ignition Cost of Damage

34. Cost/Benefit Analysis Proposed Strategy Add One Appliance ALLOCATION STRATEGY Dwellings Lives lost Other Buildings Lives Lost RTA Lives Lost Other Special Services Lives Lost Total Lives Lost Total Property Loss COST OF PROVISION 6.33 4.75 15.27 2.05 28.40 £44.25M £16.42M 6.23 4.72 14.77 2.03 27.75 £43.55M £17.33M

35. Cost/Benefit Analysis Proposed Strategy Add One Appliance ALLOCATION STRATEGY Dwellings Lives lost Other Buildings Lives Lost RTA Lives Lost Other Special Services Lives Lost Total Lives Lost Total Property Loss COST OF PROVISION 6.33 4.75 15.27 2.05 28.40 £44.25M £16.42M 6.23 4.72 14.77 2.03 27.75 £43.55M £17.33M Remove One Aerial 6.23 4.79 14.77 2.04 27.83 £43.90M £16. 80M

36. Pathfinder Brigades Risk Based Fire Service Emergency Cover Current Fire Service Emergency Cover Resources COSTS Resources Innovative or Changed Resources Appliances Fire Stations Crewing types Etc... COSTS Existing resources - as required by the risk COSTS Resources