1. IEEE 802.21 MEDIA INDEPENDENT HANDOVER DCN: 21-07-0360-00-0000
Title: IEEE – DVB Integration
Date Submitted: November, 2007
Presented at IEEE session #23 in Atlanta
Authors or Source(s):
Burak Simsek (Fraunhofer Institute)
Jens Mödeker (Fraunhofer Institute)
Teodor Buburuzan (Technical University of Braunschweig)
Michael Grigat (Deutsche Telekom)
Patrick Stupar (NEC)
Peter Pogrzeba (Deutsche Telekom)
Michelle Wetterwald (Eurecom)
Andreas Sieber (IRT)
Abstract: This presentation recommends an extension to the IEEE standard for including DVB technologies.

2. IEEE 802.21 presentation release statements
This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE Working Group. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.
The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE
The contributor is familiar with IEEE patent policy, as stated in Section 6 of the IEEE-SA Standards Board bylaws < and in Understanding Patent Issues During IEEE Standards Development
IEEE presentation release statements
This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE Working Group. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.
The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE
The contributor is familiar with IEEE patent policy, as outlined in Section 6.3 of the IEEE-SA Standards Board Operations Manual < and in Understanding Patent Issues During IEEE Standards Development

3. Outline DVB Summary DVB-H Survey Results on DVB-H Hybrid Networks
Why integrate DVB into IEEE
How to Integrate
Conclusion

4. Digital Video Broadcasting DVB
Initiated in 1991 for digital TV
More than 260 broadcasters, manufacturers, network operators in over 35 countries
Currently more than 150 million DVB receivers are in use
Traditional broadcasting (TV Channels) over different media types
DVB-C (able)
DVB-S (atellite)
DVB-T (errestrial)
DVB-H is based on DVB-T standard but designed for small, portable devices like Mobile Phones.
Optimized reception in mobile environments through new modulation and error correction mechanisms (better signal quality)
By the use of time-slices is perfect suited for small, battery-powered devices

5. DVB-H 1- Unlimited number of receivers 2- Up to 40 km coverage
DVB Transmitter
4- Supported by over 60 manufacturers
3- Around 40 channels with 300kbps

6. DVB-H Mobile TV with DVB-H has been tested in more than 40 countries
7 countries launched commercial services
Finland, Italy, India, Albania, Philippines, Vietnam, Nigeria
Other countries are planning initial services for 2008 (Germany, Russia, Spain, USA, UK…)
Example United Kingdom (Arqiva - Oxford) :
85% satisfied customers, 72% willing to pay for the service within 12 months
37% of usage while commuting to and from work
An average of 24 minutes of view per session / 4 hours per week
Traditional TV programs more attractive than made-for-mobile content
Customized and interactive services are demanded such as video Blogging

7. IP Datacast DVB was initially designed for Digital TV reception
One-to-many unidirectional connections
No Interactivity, passive TV watchers
MPEG2 streams
No IP, no other service
IP Datacast
Developed by the DVB CBMS (Convergence of Broadcast and Mobile Services ) Working Group
Enables traditional IP based services over DVB
Defines service enabler for broadcast services
Purchase, Service Description, schedule and acquisition…
Supports the integration of cellular networks as service enablers
Return Channel

8. Hybrid Networks Using DVB-H
DVB Network
Provider
IP Datacast Service Provider
3GPP/IEEE Network Provider
Multicast / Broadcast Services
Return Channel
IEEE/3GPP

9. Convergence
World of Telecom
World of Broadcast

10. The missing part
In the following years we will dominantly witness services using hybrid networks
Devices capable of UMTS, DVB-H, WLAN… are already there
For a common user interface an interactive mobile TV standard with a media independent Java API (JSR 272) is also there
Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) Mobile Broadcast Services Enabler Suite (BCAST)
Supports DVB-H, 3GPP MBMS, 3GPP2 and mobile unicast streaming systems at the application layer
Interaction with other technologies at the network and data link layer is missing and needed
IEEE is currently the best candidate to fill in this gap!
Different than other networks: Hybrid Networks fundamentally need cooperation among existing technologies hence need IEEE more than others

11. DVB and Handover Intra-technology handover for DVB is already defined
Inter-technology handover reasons given in the current draft are also true for DVB deployments
QoS concerns, service availability, mobility, price, power management, network selection…
Some handover scenarios:
Especially in suburban and intra-urban areas handover between DVB and UMTS/WIMAX is needed
Automobiles equipped with DVB - UMTS- WIMAX already being tested by some manufacturers
Price issues might foster use of WLAN when available
In case of service unavailability on a specific DVB network choose UMTS or WIMAX…

12. How to Integrate IEEE 802.21 assumes bidirectional connection
Information can be exchanged between peer MIHF entities
This is not directly possible for DVB
Needs an uplink channel for bidirectional connection
Communication with own MIHF is possible in all cases
Integrate unidirectional DVB

13. MIH Reference Model for DVB-H
Has two parts:
MIH related information from DVB transmitter
MIH related information from DVB interface
Layer 3 or higher Mobility Protocol (L3MP), Handover
Policy, Transport, Applications
MIH-SAP
Media Independent Handover Function (MIHF)
MIH Event Service
MIH Command Service
MIH Information Service
MIH-DVB-SAP
Program Specific Information/Service Information (PSI/SI)
MPEG2
DVB Device Driver
MPE
Higher layer
Electronic Service Guide ESG

14. Integration of DVB MIH Function MIH Function 21-07-0360-00-0000
DVB Network
MIH Function
MIH
User
MIH Function
MIH Function
DVB
Interface

15. Integration approach A study group should work on
definitions of MIIS information elements for DVB
MIES and MICS parameter mapping/definitions for DVB
definition of MICS, MIES, MIIS interfaces between drivers of DVB and IEEE
recommendations for DVB driver implementations

16. Next Steps Further discussions within IEEE and DVB
Formation of a study group (feasibility analysis)
Analysis and evaluation of compatibility
Unidirectional Connections
Definition of parameters
Definition of interfaces to MIES, MICS and MIIS
Preparation of implementation recommendations
Consider integrating bidirectional DVB-H
Definition of requirements
Definition of bidirectionality related parameters
Definition of new primitives and protocols if needed
Implementation recommendations

17. Relevant Studies and References
DAIDALOS
Ilka Miloucheva, Jens Moedeker, Dirk Hetzer, "Handover and resource management of mobile nodes with unidirectional links", IEEE ICWMC, Guadeloupe, 2007
Kornfeld, M.; May, G. “DVB-H and IP Datacast - Broadcast to Handheld Devices” IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Special Issue on "Mobile Multimedia Broadcasting", vol.53, no.1, S , Invited Paper
Buburuzan, T.; May, G.; Melia, T.; Mödeker, J.; Wetterwald, M.“Integration of Broadcast Technologies with Heterogeneous Networks - An IEEE Centric Approach” IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE) 2007, Las Vegas,
Teodor Buburuzan, Nikos Koutsouris, Krzysztof Loziak , “An end-to-end QoS architecture for ensuring the reliable delivery of broadband applications” IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE) 2008, Las Vegas,
Pedro A.Aranda Gutierrez,  Ilka Miloucheva, and Sathya Rao, “Automated QoS policy adaptation for heterogeneous access network environments” In Proceedings of The Second International Conference on Systems and Networks Communications (ICSNC 2007), Cap Esterel, French Riviera, France, 2007
S. Sargento, T. Melia , A. Banchs, I. Soto, J. Moedeker, L. Marchetti, "Mobility through Heterogeneous Networks in a 4G Environment", WWRF 17, Heidelberg, 2006
The Economics of Mobile Broadcast TV

18. Conclusion
Hybrid Broadcast/Mobile Networks composed of 3GPP and IEEE technologies have significant financial advantages for all mobile network operators
Initial mobile TV services using hybrid networks in different countries have shown that customer acceptance is very high
We will witness more and more hybrid networks in the following years
Hybrid Networks need more cooperation among different technologies than vertical handovers do
IEEE is the best candidate to provide with the required cooperation
An amendment of IEEE supporting vertical handovers with DVB will have high impact on offered services, hence on the market value of hybrid networks!

19. Thank You!

20. MIH
In the case of a system with multiple network interfaces of arbitrary type, the MIH Users may use the Event Service, Command Service and Information Service provided by MIHF to manage, determine, and control the state of the underlying interfaces. These services provided by MIHF help the MIH Users in maintaining service continuity, service adaptation to varying quality of service, battery life conservation, network discovery, and link selection.

21. MIH
Handover: the process by which a mobile node obtains facilities and preserves traffic flows upon occurrence of a link switch event.
The scope of the IEEE (Media Independent Handover) standard is to develop a standard that provides link layer intelligence and other related network information to upper layers to optimize handovers between heterogeneous networks.
The purpose of the IEEE standard is to enhance the user experience of mobile devices by supporting handovers between heterogeneous networks. The standard addresses the support of handovers for both mobile and stationary users.

22. MIH
For the stationary user, handovers may become imminent when the surrounding environment changes, making one network more attractive than another. Another possibility is that the user may choose an application which requires a handover to a higher data rate channel, for example during download of a large data file. In all cases service continuity should be maximized during the handover.
Various applications have different tolerance characteristic for delay and data loss. Application aware handover decisions may be enabled by making a provision for such characteristics.
Network discovery is essential to provide new possibilities for network selection to suit the need of the applications and mobility. The IEEE standard defines the network information and specifies the means by which such information may be obtained for supported access networks and made available to the MIH Users. The network information could include information about link type, link identifier, link availability, link quality, etc.

23. Time Slicing

24. IP Datacast as a Protocol Stack

25. IEEE 802.21 Relevant information Resources : PSI/SI and ESG
DVB-H
PSI/SI
Program Specific Information (PSI) / Service Information (SI)
ESG
Electronic Service Guide (ESG)
ESG
application
Service
Application

26. PSI/SI
Periodically distributed tables for network and service specific information
PAT: Program association table
PMT: Program Map Table
NIT: Network Information Table
INT: IP/MAC Notification Table
CAT: Conditional Access Table
SDT: Service Description Table

27. ESG XML Fragment Describe IPDC Service (IPTV, ring tones…)
Service Access Related Information (media, session description, content type, …)
List of Services offered as a bundle
Service Bundle
Purchase
PurchaseChannel
Service
Schedule Event
Content
Acquisition
0..n
0..1 1
Broadcast Time

28. DVB-H Development in Nord America
MDA : Mobile DTV Alliance
promote the adoption of Mobile TV technology via DVB-H
Disney, HiWire, Intel, Microsoft, Modeo, Motorola, Nokia and Texas Instruments
currently two broadcasters in North America (Modeo and HiWire) building out mobile TV broadcast networks based on DVB-H.
MediaFLO the only serious competitor

29. Survey Results in USA (DVB-H)
99% of users were satisfied or very satisfied (64%) with the picture clarity.
87% of users were satisfied or very satisfied (37%) with service availability
98% of users like or very much like (75%) having live TV and radio available on their cell phone
Average viewing sessions lasted minutes with most viewing on weekdays;
Average number of minutes viewed per day averaged around 15 minutes.
52% of users said they watched more TV overall as a result of having the service available to them.

30. Competition for Broadcast
Standard
Frequency Range
Bandwidth
Deployment
DVB-H
MHz
8MHz
Europe, Nord America, South Asia, Australia
DVB-SH
GHz
Not yet deployed
T-DMB
MHz
1.54MHz
South Korea, part of Europe
S-DMB
GHz
25MHz
South Korea
FLO
719MHz US
ISDB-T
MHz
429kHz
Japan
STiMi
2.6GHz
China

32. Advantages of Hybrid Networks
DVB-H network operators profit from:
Virtual bidirectional channel
AAA support
Enabling more services as a result of interactivity
Customized advertisements, Mobile TV, live polls, purchase banners, interactive games, chat services, webcasting, file transfers…
3GPP/3GPP2, IEEE network operators profit from:
Market penetration with little investment
DVB-H supported by the EU commission as the mobile TV standard
20 billion € expected revenue in 2011 (2 million subscribers in 2006, 6 million in 2007)
Use of existing broadcasting brands
New services as with DVB-H
Multicasting with much better quality, to a larger set of customers with one transmitter

33. DVB-H service of 3 Italia since 2006
Currently more than 1 million customers
source: bmcoforum

34. Step 2: DVB with virtual bidirectional link
No changes needed in the standard as long as L3 is used for interaction with peer MIHF entities
Handover with DVB in virtual bidirectional case includes
handover of the downlink channel
handover of the uplink channel (other technologies)
Task group should define required interfaces in order to:
determine the need for virtual bidirectional channel
manage the choice of the uplink channel for DVB
build virtual bidirectional channel for interactive services
manage handovers of the uplink channel (stable virtual bidirectional link)
manage changes from virtual bidirectional to bidirectional or vice versa

35. Step 2: Integration of bidirectional DVB
MIH Function
Higher Layer
Trasport
MIH
User
DVB Network
MIH Function
MIH Function
DVB
Interface
Transport of MIH protocol for DVB is over L3
MIHF protocol at link layer would require changes in the standard
MIHF must be aware of unidirectional interfaces
If no other technology with L3 connectivity exists, it is not possible to send MIH information, although MIH relevant information can still be received over DVB Network

36. UDLR Unidirectional Link Routing