1. Romantic Period Overview 1820 - 1900

2. The Romantic Period New radical kind of expression, previously not known in music or any of the arts Restless seeking & impulsive reaction Remoteness & strangeness Attracted to disproportionate and excessive features Freedom of expression

3. Romantic Period, cont. Passion Endless pursuit of the unattainable Spirit of longing created by this “quest for the unreachable” Emotion Highly personal, subjective

4. Important Influences Fusion of literature and music “Brotherhood of man” Folklore Shakespeare Exotic German writers: Goethe, Heine

5. Important Influences, cont. Nature Supernatural Nationalism Program music Increasing importance of science in defining a world view Patronage is dead – free market, “starving artist” Music as a business Literary side of Music Birth of the conductor

6. Romantic Literary Figures Wordsworth Brownings Blake Sir Walter Scott Lord Byron Tennyson Poe  Carroll Goethe Heine Longfellow Thoreau Whitman Coleridge Dickinson

7. Musical Style in the Romantic Era Dynamics Range and size of sound Greater variety of instruments Melodies: longer, more emotional, more chromatic / dramatic Tempo extremes Rubato Harmonic structure totally changes

8. Musical Style, cont. Formal structure changes New forms fused with literary connotations Tone Poem Symphonic poem Piano Miniature forms Lieder “Golden age of the virtuoso” Thematic development, transformation, etc…

9. Romantic Period Vocal Music Lieder Opera Part Songs Smaller Choral / Orchestral Works Large Choral / Orchestral Works Partial re-emergence of a cappella choral pieces

10. LIEDER Total fusion of literature and music Voice and piano Schubert / favorite poet was Goethe Schumann / favorite poet was Heine Wolf Brahms Accompaniment part of total effect

11. OPERA Golden Age of Opera Mostly Italians Verdi Puccini Donizetti Rossini Bizet Wagner

12. Traditional Symphonies “ghost of Beethoven” Schubert Schumann Tchaikovsky Brahms Mendelssohn Dvorak Mahler

13. Piano Composers Chopin Liszt Schumann Brahms Rachmaninoff Mendelssohn

14. Tone Poem Berlioz Liszt Strauss Smetana

15. Orchestral Music Incidental Music Overture Ballet Independent composition

16. Nationalistic Composers Tchaikovsky – Russia Chopin – Poland Dvorak – Czech Grieg – Norway Liszt – Hungary Sibelius - Finland