1. IN23A-1072: Life Under Your Feet: A Wireless Soil Ecology Sensor Network K. Szlavecz 1, A. Terzis 1, R. Musaloiu 1, A. Szalay 1, J. Gupchup 1, C.-J. Liang 1, L. Xia 1, J. Cogan 1, J. Silverman 1, C. Swarth 2, S. Matthews 2, E. Ellis 3 1 The Johns Hopkins University 2 Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary, MD, 3 University of Maryland, Baltimore County Sensor Network Technology This study was supported by: Microsoft Research, NSF EEC-0540832 (MIRTHE-ERC), NSF DEB-0423976, DHS N00014-D6-1-0991(PACER) 6-hour data downloads Ultra-Efficient data collection protocol (Koala) Data Authentication protected using SHA-1 2-phase Data Loading Pipeline Deployment Specific Phase “Stage” Deployment Independent Phase “Science” Health Monitoring Report Generation System Architecture Koala “Koala” is an ultra efficient data retrieval system designed specifically for long term environmental monitoring networks such as ours. Sensor Networks run on a fixed power budget. Koala is specifically optimized to minimize the amount of radio communication thereby minimizing power cost and facilitating periodic data downloads Data Access No Time-Synchronization (save power) Measurements as Local Timestamps Post Mortem Timestamp Reconstruction Algorithm is robust to Mote Reboots, Gateway Failures Timestamp Reconstruction Data available using Microsoft SenseWeb Download data from Website http://www.lifeunderyourfeet.org/ Olin Deployment Per-mille (0.1%) duty-cycles Bulk download of data Low Power Probing (LPP) : efficient network wake up Flexible Control Protocol (FCP) : Network Discovery and download Jug bay Deployment Cub Hill Deployment Deployment Details Period : July 13, 2008 – present Stations: 19 Location: JHU, Baltimore MD Sensors Soil {Temperature, Moisture} Ambient {Temperature, Light, Humidity} Vaisala WXT Weather Station Deployment Details Period : July 29 – present Stations: 31 Location: Carney, MD (co- located) near a CO 2 flux tower Sensors Soil CO2 Soil {Temperature, Moisture} Ambient {Temperature, Light, Humidity} Deployment Details Period : June 25 – Nov 2008 Stations: 7 Location: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary, MD Sensors: Soil {Temperature, Moisture} Ambient {Temperature, Light, Humidity} Koala and the 2-phase loading architecture were exhaustively tested in this deployment What is the spatial pattern of soil moisture and temperature in different microhabitats? Does earthworm distribution reflect this pattern? Understanding coupled carbon and water cycle in urban ecosystems (The Baltimore Ecosystem Study LTER, www.beslter.org) www.beslter.org The effect of land use, land cover and land management on soil characteristics and soil biogeochemical processes Motivation Gender of turtles is determined by temperature during incubation of eggs Global warming may affect hatching success and sex ratio This is part of a larger turtle monitoring study in Maryland Earthworm Biomass (g/m2) Earthworm Density (ind/m2) Soil Temperature Volumetric Soil Water Content Motivation BT 2 BT 1 RB 1 RB 2 BT1 – Hatched : Sep 27 th 2008RB1 – Hatched : Sep 27 th 2008 RB2 – No hatchlings July Jul Aug Aug Sep Oct 15 30 15 30 15 5 30 25 20 10 BT2 – Hatched : Oct 1 st 2008 July Jul Aug Aug Sep Oct 15 30 15 30 15 5 July Jul Aug Aug Sep Oct 15 30 15 30 15 5 July Jul Aug Aug Sep Oct 15 30 15 30 15 5