1. The Consortial Collection: Lessons from SHEDL’s Approach to Collection Digital collections and new study behaviour SHEDL characteristics Consortial collection – common elements Operation of a consortium - challenges eBooks – opportunities and value Extend, join or create a consortium? Richard Parsons University of Dundee Chair of SHEDL SG/WG Scottish Higher Education Digital Library

2. Classification of Information Hearsay Open Licensed Local Distant Unlicensed Confidential Unknown Unconsidered Libraries manage Collections in purple

3. My desk working environment - PC - Phone - Multiple screens - iPad - Pen & paper - Drink - Food - Colleagues close Increasingly digital

4. Changes to Student Study Practices - Student PC (processing) - Student phone (communication) - Student iPad (eBook) - Chargers - Pen & paper (processing)

5. Changes to Student Study Practices - Food - Drink - Textbook - Student PC (processing) - Student phone (communication) - Student iPad (eBook) - Chargers - Pen & paper - Colleagues close

6. The Utilisation of Our Collections - Food - Drink - Textbook - Student PC (processing) - Student phone (communication) - Student iPad (eBook) - Chargers - Pen & paper Collections in purple

7. SCURL - Scottish Higher Education Digital Library (SHEDL) SHEDL works to secure collaborative access to digital content for Scottish HE Set of principles Procures via JISC Collections Contracts with individual publishers (1877 titles) 10-15% of Institutional budgets eJournal bundles to date, now also eBook packages

8. SHEDL Principles Common access to all patrons in HE Electronic only provision (DD for print) Cost contributions based on historic cost Maintain core subscriptions, access full bundle 3 year contracts, ideally including transfer titles Minimal annual increases

9. SHEDL Features Annual renewals with 3 to 4 publishers each year. Existing publishers are: Springer, ACS, CUP, OUP, EUP, Berg, Portico, Intellect, Project MUSE, (IEL & IEEE). Recent agreement on the first joint purchase of an eBook package (Springer). Face challenges in engaging with additional publishers who see growth in Scotland. Face challenges in changing budgets and/or remit of institutions. Continuing to develop and considering a more comprehensive approach to developing a digital library.

10. Collection of Journals

11. Collection of eBooks, Books, Multimedia, Databases, Bibliometric tools

12. Types of Purchasing Consortia Centrally funded Collaboratively funded Open - optional Closed - compulsory Ireland - IREL WHEEL German DFG JISC eCollections SHEDL JISC Collections NESLI opportunities SURFMart France – BSN, ISTEX Russia Arizona State Uni. Consortium eBooks Fin-eLib ICOLC

13. SHEDL Electronic Collection Managing a digital collection Easier for the students No physical constraints Does require virtual management processes (clearing catalogue, link resolvers etc) Efficiency in shared procurement and management Expanded collection for many SHEDL partners Common collection across Scotland Other aspects of collection support could follow – single LMS, single discovery system, single IL instruction,

14. Publisher Benefits on Partnering with SHEDL Sustaining their business Single invoice and administrative efficiency 3 year bundle deal with sustained income Focus sales effort elsewhere Extend sales through formats – journals, eBooks, course packs, multimedia Preferential access to Scottish authors (originators)

15. SHEDL Collection Development How to decide on targets: -Invite suggestions from SHEDL institutions -Audit current coverage -Listen to offers from publishers -Propose tender-based bids And when a target is identified….

16. SHEDL Collection Expansion How can a closed consortium agree? -Trust -Full knowledge of offer and institutions -Acceptance of fair pricing models -Historic purchase -Usage modification when appropriate -Payment by institutional academic income -Allowance for specialist institutions -Acceptance that not every deal in beneficial for all -Some difficult and challenging discussions -Celebrate the achievements

17. SHEDL and the Big Deal consequences

18. SHEDL and step changes in title number

19. SHEDL Complexities and Developments Partnering with Publishers -Need to cope with VAT transitions -Need to agreed transfer title developments -Need to agreed institutional merger policies -Wish to see expansion to NLS, FE and alumni -Wish to see open access dealt with fairly -May underestimate the importance of our researchers to the publication/purchase cycle

20. SHEDL eBook Purchases Potential mechanisms for eBook purchase: But how can we compare and judge value? Publisher packages (subject or total packages Title by title from aggregators (tender for supply) Lease Title by title from publishers (list price) PDA (and variants) from aggregators PDA (and variants) from publishers Purchase / lease

21. How can we determine eBook value within bundles?

22. Determining eBook Value Idealised model of depreciation 0 to 5 years – 25% 6 to 15 years – 15% 15 + years – 5%

23. Calculations can allow for depreciation and purchase / lease components Partnership for eBook provisionModel Pricing Assumes 500 books per year available in uniform fashion Key:LeasePurchasingPurchasedLicense cost (ex VAT) Pre 19901990-19992000-20032004-20072008200920102011201220132014201520162017 Total (relative) No access336.7112.864.7510.5514.0618.75100£50,000200.68 No access038.0310.934.034.7510.5514.060100£51,000182.35 No access0085.73.434.034.7510.5500100£52,020208.46 £153,020 Total 3 year591.49 5 19.433.434.0331.64 100£45,000163.53 5 19.4322.86 100£46,000147.29 30 100£47,000130 £138,000 Total 3 year440.82 Fractional costs on a year basis Pre 19901990-19992000-20032004-20072008200920102011201220132014201520162017 No access16.443.346.412.375.267.019.3449.83£50,000 No access0.0020.865.992.212.605.797.710.0054.84£51,000 No access0.00 41.111.651.932.285.060.00 47.97£52,020 3.06 11.882.102.4619.35 61.15£45,000 3.39 13.1915.52 67.89£46,000 23.08 76.92£47,000 Fraction of total costs over 3 year period Pre 19901990-19992000-20032004-20072008200920102011201220132014201520162017 ActualValue sum No access£8,537£1,736£3,327£1,229£2,729£3,637£4,851£25,870£50,000£51,916 No access£0£9,838£2,828£1,043£1,229£2,729£3,637£0£25,870£51,000£47,174 No access£0 £22,171£887£1,043£1,229£2,729£0 £25,870£52,020£53,929 £1,565 £6,083£1,074£1,262£9,905 £31,305£45,000£51,194 £1,565 £6,083£7,156 £31,305£46,000£46,110 £9,392 £31,305£47,000£40,697

24. eBook Value If you can determine an estimated depreciation curve for a set of books, then you can determine value based on: -Lease -Bundle purchase -Purchase / lease combinations -PDA (another form of purchase / lease combination) Beware: -New editions -Title price multipliers (consortium or textbooks) -Storage cost savings -Hosting charges -Value by usage data

25. And Finally! Extend, Join or Create a Collection Consortia? Experience from SHEDL: -Builds and sustains the collections -Maintains costs -Shares the workloads -Does require commitment -Builds trust, cooperation, friendship

26. Our Collections – Any Questions? Richard Parsons r.parsons@dundee.ac.uk

27. Publication and Access Conventional publishing Conventional - Green access Conventional - author pays - Gold OA journals – author pays - Gold Universities / Societies invest to support and sustain publishing Author Reader £ £ Open£ All open ££ £ £ Archive Open (after 6 months in PubMed or repository) £ (University investment to secure discount) £

28. Subscription and Gold OA cost modelling

29. SCURL Library Challenges Hot topics: Financial constraints Coping with high occupancy Digital transition (traditional – books, print journals, storage, disposal) Digital transition (digital - wifi, BYOD, mobile, power, bandwidth, VAT, formats, change) Digital transition (literacies – staff and student)