1. Consultation Workshop Module 2 Economic and Social Research Foundation (ESRF) & European Centre for Development Policy Management ECDPM, 17 September 2014 Dar Es Salaam PCD Impact Assessment on Food Security in Tanzania

2. I. Introducing the PCD IA pilot in Tanzania: rationale and history, scope and objectives - Coffee break - II. Module 2: the Tanzania Food Security Profile Rationale State of food and nutrition security Food security System The agro-food sector: characteristics and challenges The agricultural trade profile The policy framework III. Outstanding issues and identifying relevant OECD policies On the menu today Page 2ECDPM

3. I. Introducing the PCD Impact Assessment on food security in Tanzania ECDPMPage 3

4. The Rationale Domestic policies of OECD member countries (e.g. agriculture, trade, investment, science, migration) can have a spill-over impact on developing countries,… … that impact is not necessarily coherent with the objectives formulated under the policy for development cooperation of that OECD country Policy coherence for development (PCD) ECDPMPage 4 PCD is a conceptual tool aimed at addressing such incoherencies to the benefit of development objectives, e.g. food security

5. For example ECDPMPage 5 Source: OECD, 2014.

6. ECDPMPage 6 Prevalent definitions: PCD = … EU “The EU seeks to minimise contradictions and to build synergies between policies other than development cooperation that have an impact on developing countries, for the benefit of overseas development” OECD “The pursuit of development objectives through the systematic promotion of mutually reinforcing policy actions on the part of both OECD and development countries”. Two-fold implication: “do no harm” and beyond: 1.Make sure all policies are development-friendly 2.Ensure the proactive promotion of development objectives in other policies: exploit synergies

7. Diverging interpretations and use of the concept of PCD.  PCD IS NOT (only): Coordination with other policies Harmonization with other donors Adjustment of development policy to other policies (it is PC for Development) Prevalent definitions: PCD ≠ … ECDPMPage 7

8. ECDPMPage 8 Measuring PCD = one of the key PCD building blocks

9. OECD, EU and Member States have strong commitments to enforce PCD, frontrunners include: NL, SE, FIN, DK 2008 OECD Ministerial declaration confirmed commitment to promote PCD, incl. measuring the effects of OECD members’ policies on international development objectives. EU 2012 Council Conclusions on PCD ask for ‘a more evidence-based approach, to further improve monitoring, implementation and follow-up. Relevant baselines, indicators and targets should also be developed including for measuring the impact of PCD in a way which demonstrates clear development results’. Context ECDPMPage 9

10. Ex-ante check lists and impact assessments of OECD member countries’ policy proposals Ex-post assessments of OECD policy impact at country-level Different ways to monitor PCD ECDPMPage 10 This is where this research project comes in

11. 2012: OECD asked ECDPM to develop “a methodology for country-level impact assessments of PCD on food security” July 2013: presentation of a draft toward a methodology Now two pilot projects to apply, test and fine-tune this methodology in: Tanzania (FIN & OECD) Burkina Fasso (SWISS & OECD) The project: how did we get here? ECDPMPage 11

12. General objective: to develop a methodology for identifying and assessing the impacts (+/-) of OECD policies on food security in individual developing countries Specific objectives: 1.Help OECD DAC members in pursuing their PCD policy objectives through providing evidence for policy change domestically and for programme design at country level (e.g. more information to address trade-offs between internal goals & negative externalities on developing countries) 2.Enable partner countries and civil society to advocate for improved PCD and to address the impacts of incoherencies. Objectives ECDPMPage 12

13. 5 key principles: i) stakeholder involvement; ii) deductive reasoning; iii) disaggregation of impact; iv) mixed methods. For a variety of audiences and users: public good Meant to be done relatively quickly and with limited resources. Modular and flexible. No straightjacket that researchers have to follow to the letter. Designed to pick up on the effects of public policies. While acknowledging the effects of other external factors beyond the scope of this study (e.g. Climate Change) The Methodology: how does it look like? ECDPMPage 13

14. 1. Getting started: considerations and decisions before launching the exercise A modular, step-by-step approach 2. The country food security profile: the FS system, determinants and FS situation 3. Establish a route of impact: causal linkages with OECD policies 4. In-country contextualisation and verification of causal linkages > response strategies 5. Communication strategy and follow up

15. Very straightforward: key factors to consider before starting the assessment: What country/ group of countries? Country buy in/ local partners. Team composition. Module 1: Getting started ECDPMPage 15

16. ECDPMPage 16 Module 2: Country food security profile Output indicators OECD Policies Other factors (e.g. other policies, Climate change,…)

17. The idea is to take the potentially relevant OECD policies, identified in module 2, and to draw linkages “on paper” of how the impact would be transmitted. Main aim of the module is to make the IA solid from a “theoretical” point of view Relatively straightforward for some effects (e.g. tariffs), very complicated for others (e.g. agricultural subsidies and price transmission). Module 3: Verifying causal linkages ECDPMPage 17

18. Verify theory through field research Three aims: Contextualize and further explore the theoretical causal chains developed in module 3 Formulate conclusions. Define response strategy options. - for OECD country policies. - for adaptation/advocacy strategies by local partners. Module 4: In-country research ECDPMPage 18

19. Messages will differ depending on the targeted audience (NGOs, in country embassies, partner govnts, etc). Communication Plan should formulate -What information is relevant to which stakeholder audience -How to best approach which audience, through which communication channels Module 5: communication ECDPMPage 19

20. Stakeholder involvement is one of the 5 overarching principles of the methodology: Not an (exclusively) desk-based project Should be a “process” as much as a study. Inclusive, consultative process per module to enhance chances of follow-up. Today: We present the methodology, … discuss initial findings of Module 2… and pick your brains on what could be the potentially relevant OECD policy externalities for analysis in Module 3. So, where does this workshop come in? ECDPMPage 20