1. Mars Through Time - Day 2

2. Impact Cratering Activities  Crater Boxes  Online Impact Cratering Lab

3. Observation or Inference?

4. Mars Through Time  Blue Marble Matches with Paige Valderrama Graff from NASA Johnson Space Center

5. LUNCH!!  Please move items on the KWL chart if you feel we have learned something this morning!

6. Mars Mystery Rocks Credit: Ward’s Scientific

7. Using Reflectance Spectrometry to Identify Compositions Credit: NASA/JPL-CalTech Credit: NASA/JPL-CalTech/LANL

8. How Do We See Mars?  Our eyes, cameras, and mission instruments use the sunlight reflected off its surface.

9. Spectra Are “Fingerprints”  Fingerprints can be used to identify individual people Credit: http://math-blog.com Credit: http://www.vetmed.vt.edu Credit: http://www.moillusions.com

10. Spectra Are “Fingerprints”  Spectra are unique to elements and minerals  Used to identify minerals; rocks Credit: Univ. of Toronto Credit: ChemCam/LANL/IRAP/CNES

11. Types of Spectra Credit: http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/light/spectra2.gif

12. Using the ALTA to take a Spectrum  These rocks are “Mars” rocks that you—like a rover on a mission— are analyzing. Your task it to determine their possible compositions, by comparing the Mars rocks’ spectra to known Earth rocks’ spectra. Credit: Ward’s Scientific

13. Using the ALTA to take a Spectrum  These rocks are “Mars” rocks that you—like a rover on a mission— are analyzing. Your task it to determine its possible composition, by comparing the Mars rocks’ spectra to known Earth rocks’ spectra.  Buttons on front, LEDs & detector on the back  Push each button on the front and see what happens on the back

14. Using the ALTA to take a Spectrum  What is the ALTA doing?  Light from diode strikes the surface of the sample  Light reflected off the sample enters the detector  Read-out on the front indicates how much of the light has been reflected (voltage)  Because each ALTA has its own sensitivities, the read-out should be compared to the reflectance of white paper

15. Taking the Dark Voltage  What happens if you place the ALTA down flat and don’t turn on any of the lights?  You still have a number - ALTA’s photodetector and electronics don’t go to zero. This is your “Dark Voltage”

16. Using the ALTA to take a Spectrum  Need a large flat surface if possible.  Try not to let outside light into the detector.  Work in groups of 4; one can hold the sample and ALTA, one can press the buttons, one to record the data, etc.  Begin with taking the data for two stacked pieces of white paper.

17. Terrestrial Spectrum #1

18. Terrestrial Spectrum #2

19. Terrestrial Spectrum #3

20. Terrestrial Spectrum #4

21. Terrestrial Spectrum #5

22. Terrestrial Spectrum #6

23. Mars Through Time  Let’s take a break!  Next: Learn more about martian mineralogy with Dr. Liz Rampe from NASA Johnson Space Center.

24. Is it Science?  Three-minute clip from Animal Planet’s “Finding Bigfoot”  Think to yourself: How is it science? How is it not science?  Write your thoughts on the hand-out

25. Lava Layering