1. Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc. November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0 Submission Slide 1 InProComm, Inc. Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: Analysis of Mode H and Mode L and Related Merger Proposals for AFH Date Submitted: November 1, 2001 Source: YC Maa, HK Chen, Shawn Liu and KC Chen Company: Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc. Address:Taiwan Laboratories Address: P.O. Box 24-226, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300 TEL +886 3 516 5106, FAX: +886 3 516 5108, E-Mail: {ycmaa, hkchen, shawnliu, kc}@inprocomm.com Re: [IEEE 802.15-00/367r1, IEEE 802.15-01/082r1, IEEE 802.15-01/246r1, IEEE 802.15-01/252r0, IEEE 802.15-01/366r1, IEEE 802.15-01/382r0, IEEE 802.15-01/385r0, IEEE 802.15-01/386r0, IEEE 802.15- 01/491r0] Abstract:This presentation compares mode H, mode L, as well as different merging proposals for AFH mechanisms. Purpose:Submission to TG2 for analyzing mode H, L and different AFH merger proposals for draft consideration. Notice:This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release:The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

2. Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc. November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0 Submission Slide 2 InProComm, Inc. Analysis of Mode H and Mode L and Related Merger Proposals for AFH KC Chen,YC Maa, HK Chen, and Shawn Liu Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc.

3. November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0 Submission Slide 3 InProComm, Inc. Outline Review of AFH: Mode H and Mode L Review of Different Merger Proposals 01/382r0 01/385r0 01/491r0 Conclusion

4. Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc. November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0 Submission Slide 4 InProComm, Inc. Review of AFH (1) Adaptive Frequency Hopping (AFH): Non-collaborative mechanism enabling the coexistence of 802.15.1 devices and ISM band frequency-static devices (e.g. 802.11b) Dynamically change the frequency hopping sequence to avoid or mitigate the interference seen by 802.15.1 devices.

5. Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc. November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0 Submission Slide 5 InProComm, Inc. Review of AFH (2) Flow of AFH Device Identification and Operation mode Channel Classification Exchange of Channel Information Initiate/Terminate AFH Device Identification Channel Classification Classification Information exchange AFH Mechanism 1 2 3 4

6. Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc. November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0 Submission Slide 6 InProComm, Inc. Review of AFH (3): Inside AFH Mechanism Frequency synthesizer mapping Original hopping sequence generator Hop clock RF input signal partition sequence

7. Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc. November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0 Submission Slide 7 InProComm, Inc. Review of AFH (4) AFH merger baseline document: 01/252r0 (May01) Voted & unanimously approved in May01 meeting initial draft text 01/366r1 in Jul01 meeting Mode H baseline document: 01/246r0 (May01) When the number of usable channels are sufficient (no less than the minimum required number) Use Usable channels only When the number of usable channels are insufficient Use Usable and Kept channels intelligently Mode L baseline document: 00/367r1 (Mar01) When the number of usable channels are sufficient Use Usable channels only When the number of usable channels are insufficient Use Usable and fill-in channels blindly Higher packet error rate, and throughput will suffer

8. Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc. November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0 Submission Slide 8 InProComm, Inc. Channels are classified into 3 groups: (dynamic classification) Usable channel set S U : uninterfered or good channels (size = N U ) Kept channel set S K : interfered channels kept for AFH (size = N K ) Removed channel set S R : interfered channels left out in AFH (size = N R ) N U + N K + N R = 79 Define N min to be the minimum number of channels that a Bluetooth device must hop over. Usable and Kept need to be considered, based on N min, N U : N min N U : only use usable channels in the hopping sequence N min > N U : require kept channels in addition to usable channels in the new hopping sequence, where kept channels N K = N min –N U When kept channels are required, both partition sequence and mapping mechanisms are executed. When kept channels are not required, only mapping mechanism is executed. Review of AFH (5): Mechanism

9. Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc. November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0 Submission Slide 9 InProComm, Inc. Review: Three Merging Proposals 01/382r0, 01/385r0, 01/491r0

10. Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc. November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0 Submission Slide 10 InProComm, Inc. Review: 01/382r0 - mode H mapping f gen NUNU.SU...SU.. f adp XHXH bank of usable channels...... bank of kept channels 10 NKNK YHYH 1 0 p seq The paths drawn in black are exactly the same structure as mode L Top path: the kept & removed channels are mapped to usable channels Middle path: the usable & removed channels are mapped to kept channels Mod 1 0 Bottom path: bypass if original channel is already in the desired set specified by p seq X H : shifting signal of mode H to equalize channel utilization Y H : bypass control signal of mode H p seq : partition sequence specifying using S U or S K SKSK

11. Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc. November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0 Submission Slide 11 InProComm, Inc. Review: 01/382r0 - mode L mapping f gen Mod NUNU........ f adp XLXL YLYL bank of usable channels 1 0 Top path: the kept & removed channels are mapped to usable channels Bottom path: bypass if original channel is already usable f gen : hopping sequence before doing AFH f adp : hopping sequence after mapping X L : shifting signal of mode L to equalize channel utilization Y L : bypass control signal of mode L SUSU

12. Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc. November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0 Submission Slide 12 InProComm, Inc. Review - 01/382r0 Merging Proposal Structural Comparison: Mode H: Path 1 - the kept & removed channels are mapped to usable channels Path 2 - the usable & removed channels are mapped to kept channels Path 3 - bypass Mode L: Path 1: the kept & removed channels are mapped to usable channels Path 2: bypass Mathematical Comparison: Mode H is equivalent to Mode L when 1.p seq = 1, i.e. map to usable channels only. 2.X H =X L, same shifting signals 3.Y H =Y L, same bypass paths

13. Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc. November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0 Submission Slide 13 InProComm, Inc. Review - 01/382r0 Merging Proposal Mode H is superset of Mode L, mode L is a special case of Mode H. Structurally and Mathematically compared, Mode H is equivalent to Mode L when usable channels are sufficient. Mode H implements both modes of AFH should be the basis for merging AFH mechanisms

14. Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc. November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0 Submission Slide 14 InProComm, Inc. Review - 01/385r0 Merge Proposal Selection Box 27 UAP/LAP CLOCK f gen 23/79 Mode Frequency Replacement f adp AM_ADDRCLKE 12-1 / CLKN 12-1 12 28 Grouping / paring f out 2. Remove as many bad channels as required / legally possible. 3. Use remaining bad channels in intelligent manner. 1. Bluetooth Hopping Sequence generator Different Naming: Frequency Replacement for Mode L Grouping/Pairing for Mode H Block Concatenation instead of functional merge

15. Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc. November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0 Submission Slide 15 InProComm, Inc. not_usable channels- use mapping for replacement usable channels- bypass The structure is identical to the mode L block diagram shown in of 01/382r0. Frequency Replacement of 01/385r0 f adp f gen RAND W 12 Mod N G. Good channel bank 7

16. Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc. November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0 Submission Slide 16 InProComm, Inc. Grouping/Pairing of 01/385r0 01/385r0 does not show any block diagram on Grouping/Pairing. From the context of 01/386r0, the grouping/pairing block should be the same mode H block diagram as shown in 01/382r0. Mode H already includes the frequency replacement functionality.

17. Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc. November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0 Submission Slide 17 InProComm, Inc. Review – Redundancy in 01/385r0 Merge Proposal Redundant functions appear both in the first frequency replacement block and the second grouping/pairing block Adder Modulo Mapping Table (bank for channels) They should be merged wherever possible

18. Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc. November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0 Submission Slide 18 InProComm, Inc. Review - 01/385r0 Merge or Concatenation? Merge should reduce the overall complexity. Concatenation is not a merge It adds up the complexity frequency replacement redundant functionality

19. Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc. November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0 Submission Slide 19 InProComm, Inc. Review - Interoperability in 01/385r0 Merge Proposal Under 01/385r0, four different Bluetooth devices will exist Bluetooth 1.1 legacy device Device only using frequency replacement Device only using grouping/pairing Device using both of the above two schemes Interoperability nightmares! Deals with different vendor designs Results in complex LMP commands and operations

20. Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc. November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0 Submission Slide 20 InProComm, Inc. Review - 01/491r0 Merged AFH Draft Partition Sequence Generator Traffic type (ACL or SCO) Legacy Hop Kernel phase (master's clock) address (master's identity) Frequency Re-mapper p(k) f hop (k ) f adp Channel Conditions (S U,S K,N U,N K ) (S U,S K,N U,N K ) Single AFH Mechanism to accommodate mode H and mode L

21. Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc. November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0 Submission Slide 21 InProComm, Inc. Review - 01/491r0 Merged AFH Draft A single AFH mechanism to accommodate both mode H and mode L Conforms to previous agreements 01/252r0 in May01 01/366r1 in Jul01 meetings Structurally similar to 01/382r0 proposal LMP commands to be finished up as of 11/5/01

22. Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc. November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0 Submission Slide 22 InProComm, Inc. Conclusion & Recommendation

23. Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc. November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0 Submission Slide 23 InProComm, Inc. Conclusion AFH merger proposal (01/382r0) and AFH draft (01/491r0) provides unified and merged framework of AFH mechanism perfectly complies with May01 voting and Jul01 chairmans instruction. Mode H and Mode L have been fully implemented and incorporated in the proposal and draft.