1. CHAPTER 1 HISTORICAL ORIGINS

2. THE EVOLUTION OF THE DETECTIVE European Origins FRANKPLEDGE SYSTEM TITHINGS MERCHANT FINANCED WATCHES

3. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Shifting masses of people Younger people relocating to cities Brutal Punishments- capital offenses Parliamentary reward system –Apprehension paid official 40 pounds

4. EUROPEAN ORIGINS THIEF TAKING- fee for return of property JONATHON WILD “It takes a thief to catch a thief Buckle maker and Brothel operator Hired thieves for a cut of their thefts Sometimes he turned in his employees for reward Executed for stealing items to be returned

5. ORIGINS (Cont.) EUGENE VODOCQ- Thief catcher 80 yr. after Wild Thief sanctioned by police- informant Became head of Paris detective bureau Police grew envious, accused of picking pockets, left Paris police Started pvt. detective bureau-200 arrests Started “Trade protection society”

6. ENGLISH DETECTIVE HENRY FIELDING- Wrote Tom Jones Bow Street Runners Became Magistrate Passed company to blind brother 1821- 1828/ 41% increase in crime with only a 15% increase in population Blamed crime increase on gin consumption

7. LONDON METRO POLICE ACT SIS ROBERT PEEL- Occupied a building that had been used by Scottish Royalty Open to public- called Scotland Yard Bobbies- introduced term “Detective” Model for Police Administration Peel’s Principles http://www.historyhome.co.uk/peel/laword er/9points.htmhttp://www.historyhome.co.uk/peel/laword er/9points.htm

8. EARLY AMERICAN DETECTIVES Allan Pinkerton- Appointed by mayor of Chicago- First detective 1849 “AMERICA’S FOUNDEROF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION” Pinkerton Investigative Agency early 1850s War Between the States- Protected President Lincoln- Gathered intelligence for the North Pioneered handwriting examinations and central federal record keeping. FBI roots

9. MODUS OPERANDI The way you go about committing crime MO Thomas Byrnes- NYC Chief of Detectives first recognized criminal technique

10. STATE-AUTHORIZED POLICING Texas Rangers- 1835 First State Police started for protection from indians

11. FEDERAL INVESTIGATIONS J. Edgar Hoover- First Director- 1924 –Est. Central Records Chicago/ Leavenworth –Uniform Crime Reports –Established the FBI image

12. UNIFORM CRIME REPORT UCR- NUMBER OF REPORTED CRIMES PER 100,000 # Crimes/Population X 100,000= UCR 100/1,000,000 X 100,000= 10

13. CRIMINALISTICS Forensic Science earliest application Alphonse Bertillion- Anthropometry- Catalogued basic factors for identification Body measured in 11 key places –+ eye, hair, and skin color –Portrait parle’- front and side mug shot –Will West Case

14. CONTRIBUTORS TO CRIMINALISTICS Francis Galton- dactylography- fingerprint identification Edward Richard Henry- System of fingerprint classification Arthur Conan Doyle- Sherlock Holmes books predicted many forensic practices Edmond Locard- Established principle “Every contact leaves a trace”

15. CONTRIBUTORS (Cont.) AUGUST VOLLMER Town Marshall- Berkley CA Police organization Agency developed the first polygraph ALEC JEFFREYS Discovered DNA Profiling “Genetic fingerprinting” 1984 DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID 1 st use1987

16. DR. HENRY C. LEE Contemporary criminalist –Kennedy assination –OJ Simpson Case –Jon Benet Ramsey

17. LEGAL INFLUENCES Bill of Rights 14 th Amendment 4 th, 5 th, and 6 th most effect on CRJ

18. 4 TH AMENDMENT Unlawful search and seizure Exclusionary Rule Mapp v. Ohio

19. 5 TH AMENDMENT You cannot be compelled to be a witness against yourself You cannot be deprived of due process rights You cannot be tried twice for the same offense

20. 6 TH AMENDMENT Right to counsel Right to have a swift trial Jury of your peers

21. U.S. ORIGINS