1. KOSSA Sample Questions Bell Ringers

2. Bell- ringer Expectations You will keep a full weeks worth of bell- ringers before turning them in If you are absent, you are responsible for getting the questions from your classmates – This DOES NOT mean waiting until Friday, and then copying the whole week from a classmate You must write the question and answer for full credit Write the date each day followed by the question and answer

3. Example Your name 1-1-11 1.What is…? a.Answer: 2.What is…? a.Answer: 1-2-11 1.What is…? a.Answer: 2.What is…? a.Answer:

4. Date 1.The 3 major plant cell parts are: a.Cell wall, chloroplast, goigi b.Cell wall, goigi, nucleus c.Cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus d.Cell wall, nucleus, vacuole 2.What are the major vegetative parts of the plant? a.Leaf, flower, seed b.Leaf, root, stem c.Root, seed, bud d.Stem, flower, node

5. Answers 1.The 3 major plant cell parts are: a.Cell wall, chloroplast, goigi b.Cell wall, goigi, nucleus c.Cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus d.Cell wall, nucleus, vacuole 2.What are the major vegetative parts of the plant? a.Leaf, flower, seed b.Leaf, root, stem c.Root, seed, bud d.Stem, flower, node

6. Date 1.What are the major reproductive parts of the plant? a.Leaf root, stem b.Leaf, flower, seed c.Leaf, fruit, stem d.Flower, fruit, seed 2.What are the four essential plant parts? a.leaf, flower, stem, root b.Leaf, root, seed, flower c.Flower, seed, petal, root d.Stem, flower, root, seed

7. Answers 1.What are the major reproductive parts of the plant? a.Leaf root, stem b.Leaf, flower, seed c.Leaf, fruit, stem d.Flower, fruit, seed 2.What are the four essential plant parts? a.leaf, flower, stem, root b.Leaf, root, seed, flower c.Flower, seed, petal, root d.Stem, flower, root, seed

8. Date 1.The four main parts of the flower: a.stamen, style, ovary, pistil b.Petal, pistil, stamen, sepal c.Anther, petal, sepal, receptacle d.Anther, petal, stamen, receptacle 2.Plant production from a cutting is a type of ___________________ propagation. a.Asexual b.Bisexual c.Sexual d.Unsexual

9. Answers 1.The four main parts of the flower: a.stamen, style, ovary, pistil b.Petal, pistil, stamen, sepal c.Anther, petal, sepal, receptacle d.Anther, petal, stamen, receptacle 2.Plant production from a cutting is a type of ___________________ propagation. a.Asexual b.Bisexual c.Sexual d.Unsexual

10. Date 1.A monocotyledon is defined as: a.Embryo with no cotyledon b.Embryo with single cotyledon c.Embryo with two cotyledons d.Embryo with three cotyledons 2.Cotyledons are defined as: a.Vascular bundle b.Seedlings c.Embryo d.Seed leaves

11. Answers 1.A monocotyledon is defined as: a.Embryo with no cotyledon b.Embryo with single cotyledon c.Embryo with two cotyledons d.Embryo with three cotyledons 2.Cotyledons are defined as: a.Vascular bundle b.Seedlings c.Embryo d.Seed leaves

12. Date 1.The required conditions for germination include: a.Moisture, soil, temperature b.Soil, air temperature c.Moisture, air, optimal temperatures d.Light, soil, temperature 2.The most favorable temperature for seed germination is: a.65- 80 b.32- 105 c.32- 65 d.80- 105

13. Answers 1.The required conditions for germination include: a.Moisture, soil, temperature b.Soil, air temperature c.Moisture, air, optimal temperatures d.Light, soil, temperature 2.The most favorable temperature for seed germination is: a.65- 80 b.32- 105 c.32- 65 d.80- 105

14. Date 1.Vigor is: a.The ability of seeds to germinate under different conditions b.The ability of the seed to work hard c.The ability of the seed to grow d.The ability of the seed to grow fast 2.A monocot plant example is: a.Bean b.Carrot c.Oats d.Turnip

15. Answers 1.Vigor is: a.The ability of seeds to germinate under different conditions b.The ability of the seed to work hard c.The ability of the seed to grow d.The ability of the seed to grow fast 2.A monocot plant example is: a.Bean b.Carrot c.Oats d.Turnip

16. Date 1.Dicots have: a.Fibrous roots b.Tap roots c.Non- fibrous roots d.Adventurous roots 2.Which of the following is not a specialized stem: a.Tuber b.Buld c.Tendril d.Root

17. Answers 1.Dicots have: a.Fibrous roots b.Tap roots c.Non- fibrous roots d.Adventurous roots 2.Which of the following is not a specialized stem: a.Tuber b.Buld c.Tendril d.Root

18. Date 1. An evergreen is an example of an: a.Annual b.Biannual c.Perennial d.Winter annual 2. Trees and shrubs that drop all of their leaves in the fall: a. annual b. biannual c. deciduous d. evergreen

19. Answers An evergreen is an example of an: a.Annual b.Biannual c.Perennial d.Winter annual 2. Trees and shrubs that drop all of their leaves in the fall: a. annual b. biannual c. deciduous d. evergreen

20. Date 1. Parent material of the glacial origin that was deposited by wind: a. alluvium b. loess c. glacial till d. topography 2. Many soils have been formed from material originally moved by: a. glaciers b. wind c. water d. human

21. Answers 1. Parent material of the glacial origin that was deposited by wind: a. alluvium b. loess c. glacial till d. topography 2. Many soils have been formed from material originally moved by: a. glaciers b. wind c. water d. human

22. Date 1.As materials such as organic matter and minerals are altered in the soil, this process is called: a.Translocation b.Transpiration c.Transformation d.Relocation 2.Most productive soils range from: a.1- 4 pH b.4- 9 pH c.7- 9 pH d.9- 14 pH

23. Answers 1.As materials such as organic matter and minerals are altered in the soil, this process is called: a.Translocation b.Transpiration c.Transformation d.Relocation 2.Most productive soils range from: a.1- 4 pH b.4- 9 pH c.7- 9 pH d.9- 14 pH

24. Date 1.Which of the following is known as the most highly visible erosion? a.Gully erosion b.Rill erosion c.Sheet erosion d.Steep erosion 2.Which practice will reduce and prevent soil erosion on property? a.Mechanical tillage b.Crop rotation c.Monocropping d.Traditional tillage

25. Answers 1.Which of the following is known as the most highly visible erosion? a.Gully erosion b.Rill erosion c.Sheet erosion d.Steep erosion 2.Which practice will reduce and prevent soil erosion on property? a.Mechanical tillage b.Crop rotation c.Monocropping d.Traditional tillage

26. Date 1.Three functions of a growing medium: a.Provide fertilizer, moisture, oxygen b.Provide seed cover, support, light c.Provide nutrients, support, oxygen d.Provide seed cover, nutrients, moisture 2.Common components is a soilless mix are: a.Peat moss, perlite, vermiculite b.Sand, silt, clay c.Sand, peat moss, bark d.Perlite, vermiculite, miracle grow

27. Answers 1.Three functions of a growing medium: a.Provide fertilizer, moisture, oxygen b.Provide seed cover, support, light c.Provide nutrients, support, oxygen d.Provide seed cover, nutrients, moisture 2.Common components is a soilless mix are: a.Peat moss, perlite, vermiculite b.Sand, silt, clay c.Sand, peat moss, bark d.Perlite, vermiculite, miracle grow

28. Date 1.A soil that contains equal amounts of sand, silt, and clay is called a: a.Even mix b.Sandy silt c.Uniform mix d.Loam 2.Soil is classified by the amount of: a.sand, silt, clay and loam it contains b.Where it is found in the soil profile c.Silt, clay, gravel d.Sand, silt, clay it contains

29. Answers 1.A soil that contains equal amounts of sand, silt, and clay is called a: a.Even mix b.Sandy silt c.Uniform mix d.Loam 2.Soil is classified by the amount of: a.sand, silt, clay and loam it contains b.Where it is found in the soil profile c.Silt, clay, gravel d.Sand, silt, clay it contains

30. Date 1.A document that guides the operation of a business: a.Business plan b.Marketing plan c.Mission statement d.Planning statement 2.Fertilizer containing 15- 10- 26 contains: a.15% nitrogen, 10% phosphate, 26% potash b.15% phosphate, 10% nitrogen, 26% potash c.15% potash, 10% phosphate, and 26% nitrogen d.None of the above

31. Answers 1.A document that guides the operation of a business: a.Business plan b.Marketing plan c.Mission statement d.Planning statement 2.Fertilizer containing 15- 10- 26 contains: a.15% nitrogen, 10% phosphate, 26% potash b.15% phosphate, 10% nitrogen, 26% potash c.15% potash, 10% phosphate, and 26% nitrogen d.None of the above

32. Date 1.Ben gave Cami an approximate price for yard work to be completed this is called a (an) a.Cost summation b.Estimate c.Bid d.Contingency cost 2.For the new landscaping job you will be required to utilize landscape fabric. The area to be covered is 16’ X 16’ and the fabric measures 3’ X 5’. How many rolls of fabric will it take to cover the area? a.18 b.16 c.5 d.19

33. Answers 1.Ben gave Cami an approximate price for yard work to be completed this is called a (an) a.Cost summation b.Estimate c.Bid d.Contingency cost 2.For the new landscaping job you will be required to utilize landscape fabric. The area to be covered is 16’ X 16’ and the fabric measures 3’ X 5’. How many rolls of fabric will it take to cover the area? a.18 b.16 c.5 d.19

35. Date 1.Use the Punnett Square method to estimate the possible gene combinations for the following situation. Crossing a yellow marigold (YY) with an orange marigold (yy). What would be the offspring’s gene combination? a.YY b.Yy c.Yy d.yY

36. Answer 1.Use the Punnett Square method to estimate the possible gene combinations for the following situation. Crossing a yellow marigold (YY) with an orange marigold (yy). What would be the offspring’s gene combination? a.YY b.Yy c.Yy d.yY

38. Date 1.Use the Punnett Square method to estimate the possible gene combinations for the following situation. Crossing a red rose (RR) with a white rose (rr). What would the phenotype ration be? a.4:0 dominant: recessive b.2:1 dominant: recessive c.2:2 dominant: recessive d.0:4 dominant recessive

39. Answer 1.Use the Punnett Square method to estimate the possible gene combinations for the following situation. Crossing a red rose (RR) with a white rose (rr). What would the phenotype ration be? a.4:0 dominant: recessive b.2:1 dominant: recessive c.2:2 dominant: recessive d.0:4 dominant recessive

41. Date 1.The method of asexual propagation that involves the growing of small pieces of plant tissue: a.Propagation culture b.Plant culture c.Cell culture d.Tissue culture 2.Qualitative traits are traits controlled by: a.Several pairs of genes b.A single pair of genes c.Six pairs of genes d.Seven pairs of genes

42. Answers 1.The method of asexual propagation that involves the growing of small pieces of plant tissue: a.Propagation culture b.Plant culture c.Cell culture d.Tissue culture 2.Qualitative traits are traits controlled by: a.Several pairs of genes b.A single pair of genes c.Six pairs of genes d.Seven pairs of genes

43. Date 1.You have decided to buy your mother a corsage for Mother’s Day. The original cost for a three flower corsage is $15.00 however; the flower shop is running a special $13.00 price for Mother’s Day. What would be the percentage reduction from the original cost? a.21.3% b.15.4% c.10% d.40% 2.You have a 30’ X 45’ greenhouse. You need to install tables using the maximum potential of the space. Each table measures 6’ X 12’. Using the given information, determine how many tables you must install. Consider the following stipulations: -There must be a minimum of 5’ aisle lengthwise in the middle of the greenhouse -There must be minimum of 1; between the long sides of benches and/ or walls -You must fit as many benches as possible in the greenhouse a.4 b.11 c.20 d.10

44. Answers 1.You have decided to buy your mother a corsage for Mother’s Day. The original cost for a three flower corsage is $15.00 however; the flower shop is running a special $13.00 price for Mother’s Day. What would be the percentage reduction from the original cost? a.21.3% b.15.4% c.10% d.40% 2.You have a 30’ X 45’ greenhouse. You need to install tables using the maximum potential of the space. Each table measures 6’ X 12’. Using the given information, determine how many tables you must install. Consider the following stipulations: -There must be a minimum of 5’ aisle lengthwise in the middle of the greenhouse -There must be minimum of 1; between the long sides of benches and/ or walls -You must fit as many benches as possible in the greenhouse a.4 b.11 c.20 d.10

46. Date 1.You have 10 tables that are 6’ X 12’. Each plant flat is 12” X 24”. Determine how many flats will fit on each table. a.36 b.48 c.17 d.18 2.As an greenhouse owner there are many different items that must be stored in the headhouse in order to have the items on hand at the right time. Given your headhouse is 15’ X 32’ use the following setup’s to determine the minimum amount of potting soil you are able to store. Remember the following: -pallets of potting soil 3’ X 3’ -there must be minimum of 2’ between the long sides of the pallets and/ or walls -there must be a minimum of 4’ aisle lengthwise in the middle of the headhouse a.24 b.18 c.12 d.6

47. Answer 1.You have 10 tables that are 6’ X 12’. Each plant flat is 12” X 24”. Determine how many flats will fit on each table. a.36 b.48 c.17 d.18 2.As an greenhouse owner there are many different items that must be stored in the headhouse in order to have the items on hand at the right time. Given your headhouse is 15’ X 32’ use the following setup’s to determine the minimum amount of potting soil you are able to store. Remember the following: -pallets of potting soil 3’ X 3’ -there must be minimum of 2’ between the long sides of the pallets and/ or walls -there must be a minimum of 4’ aisle lengthwise in the middle of the headhouse a.24 b.18 c.12 d.6

49. Date 1.You have been hired to fill 3 planter boxes that hold about 10 cubic feet of soil each. You have the supply store deliver 6 cubic yards of potting mix. How many cubic yards of potting soil do you need to fill the planter boxes? a.11.5 b.6 c.30 d.1.1 2.Which of the following the correct soil layer order? a.Sub soil, topsoil, parent material, bed rock b.Parent material, sub soil, top soil, bed rock c.Parent material, top soil, sub soil, bed rock d.Top soil, sub soil, parent material, bed rock

50. Answers 1.You have been hired to fill 3 planter boxes that hold about 10 cubic feet of soil each. You have the supply store deliver 6 cubic yards of potting mix. How many cubic yards of potting soil do you need to fill the planter boxes? a.11.5 b.6 c.30 d.1.1 2.Which of the following the correct soil layer order? a.Sub soil, topsoil, parent material, bed rock b.Parent material, sub soil, top soil, bed rock c.Parent material, top soil, sub soil, bed rock d.Top soil, sub soil, parent material, bed rock

51. Date 1. Two growth regulators used with tissue culture techniques are: a.Auxins, cytokinins b.Zuxins, callas c.Cutokinins, plantlets d.Callas, cytikinins 2. The male part of the flower is called the: a. Pistal b. Ovary c. Style d. Stamen

52. Answers Two growth regulators used with tissue culture techniques are: a.Auxins, cytokinins b.Zuxins, callas c.Cutokinins, plantlets d.Callas, cytikinins 2. The male part of the flower is called the: a. Pistal b. Ovary c. Style d. Stamen

53. Date 1.A flower which is missing either male or female parts is called: a.Complete flower b.Incomplete flower c.Perfect d.Imperfect flower 2.A form of biotechnology that involves the changing of the genetic makeup of living organisms: a.Gene manipulation b.Genetic engineering c.Organism change d.Organism manipulation

54. Answer 1.A flower which is missing either male or female parts is called: a.Complete flower b.Incomplete flower c.Perfect d.Imperfect flower 2.A form of biotechnology that involves the changing of the genetic makeup of living organisms: a.Gene manipulation b.Genetic engineering c.Organism change d.Organism manipulation

55. Date 1.Which of the following best describes precision farming? a.Use of cropping practices that improve yields based on the needs of the land b.Using biology to develop new products or processes c.The use of machines and equipment to do precise work d.Technology gathered and recorded data from a great distance 2.Which of the following defines “endosperm”? a.A little plant that eventually grows and develops into the mature plant b.Fleshy fruit c.The food storage tissue in the seed d.Normal cells containing a double set of chromosomes

56. Answer 1.Which of the following best describes precision farming? a.Use of cropping practices that improve yields based on the needs of the land b.Using biology to develop new products or processes c.The use of machines and equipment to do precise work d.Technology gathered and recorded data from a great distance 2.Which of the following defines “endosperm”? a.A little plant that eventually grows and develops into the mature plant b.Fleshy fruit c.The food storage tissue in the seed d.Normal cells containing a double set of chromosomes

57. Date 1.Which of the following does not play a key role in seed germination? a.Soil b.Moisture c.Air, oxygen d.Warm temperature 2.Which part of the seedling will emerge first from a dicot? a.Roots b.Leaves c.Stem d.Bloom

58. Answers 1.Which of the following does not play a key role in seed germination? a.Soil b.Moisture c.Air, oxygen d.Warm temperature 2.Which part of the seedling will emerge first from a dicot? a.Roots b.Leaves c.Stem d.Bloom

59. Date 1.A plant that is identical to the parent plant is known as a: a.Clone b.Perfect replica c.Offspring d.Callus 2.At an end of the season sale Jim’s greenhouse is selling all bedding plants 50% off the original price. If Abby buys 6 dailies for $5.00 each, 2 rose bushes for $6.50 each and, 7 ornamental grasses for $11.00 each, what would her bill have been if she had not received the 50% discount? a.$120 b.$134 c.$174 d.$220

60. Answers 1.A plant that is identical to the parent plant is known as a: a.Clone b.Perfect replica c.Offspring d.Callus 2.At an end of the season sale Jim’s greenhouse is selling all bedding plants 50% off the original price. If Abby buys 6 dailies for $5.00 each, 2 rose bushes for $6.50 each and, 7 ornamental grasses for $11.00 each, what would her bill have been if she had not received the 50% discount? a.$120 b.$134 c.$174 d.$220

62. Date 1.You estimate that your bean crop can be harvested in 2 weeks and 2 days if you hire three combine drivers to work 12 hours a day, 6 days a week. How many hours do all three combine have to work to harvest the bean crop? a. 1000 hours b. 504 hours c. 600 hours d. 1202 hours 2. Based on the hours worked from the previous question, if you paid each combine driver $13.50 per hour, what would be each person’s take home pay at the end of the harvest? a. $1350 b. $6804 c. $1143 d. $2268

63. Answers 1.You estimate that your bean crop can be harvested in 2 weeks and 2 days if you hire three combine drivers to work 12 hours a day, 6 days a week. How many hours do all three combine have to work to harvest the bean crop? a. 1000 hours b. 504 hours c. 600 hours d. 1202 hours 2. Based on the hours worked from the previous question, if you paid each combine driver $13.50 per hour, what would be each person’s take home pay at the end of the harvest? a. $1350 b. $6804 c. $1143 d. $2268

65. Date 1.Bobby works for Krista’s Lawn Care Service. He is paid $6.00/ hour for the first 40 hours he works in a five day work week. After 40 hours he is paid time and a half. This week he has worked 62 hours. Based on this what would be his take home pay a.$438 b.$372 c.$559 d.$279 2.Plants which are grown from seeds use this type of propagation method: a.Asexual b.Bisexual c.Sexual d.Unusual

66. Answers 1.Bobby works for Krista’s Lawn Care Service. He is paid $6.00/ hour for the first 40 hours he works in a five day work week. After 40 hours he is paid time and a half. This week he has worked 62 hours. Based on this what would be his take home pay a.$438 b.$372 c.$559 d.$279 2.Plants which are grown from seeds use this type of propagation method: a.Asexual b.Bisexual c.Sexual d.Unusual

68. Date 1.Strawberry plants have this type of specialized stem: a.Rhizome b.Stolen c.Tendril d.Tuber 2.The four layers of a normal soil profile are: a.topsoil, subsoil, and root zone b.Sand, silt, clay c.Root zone, topsoil and subsoil d.Topsoil, subsoil, parent material and bedrock

69. Answers 1.Strawberry plants have this type of specialized stem: a.Rhizome b.Stolen c.Tendril d.Tuber 2.The four layers of a normal soil profile are: a.topsoil, subsoil, and root zone b.Sand, silt, clay c.Root zone, topsoil and subsoil d.Topsoil, subsoil, parent material and bedrock

70. Date 1.Which one of the following numbers indicates a neutral pH reading on a soil test? a.0 b.1 c.7 d.14 2.Which of the following pH ranges do most landscape plants perform best? a.3-4.5 b.5.6-7 c.6.8-9.2 d.Above 10

71. Answers 1.Which one of the following numbers indicates a neutral pH reading on a soil test? a.0 b.1 c.7 d.14 2.Which of the following pH ranges do most landscape plants perform best? a.3-4.5 b.5.6-7 c.6.8-9.2 d.Above 10

72. Date 1.How is pH raised and acidity lowered in acidic soil? a.The addition of nitrogen to the soil b.The addition of lime to the soil c.The addition of sulfur to the soil d.The addition of potash to the soil 2.There are twelve basic textural classes that can be determined after a soil test using which of the following resources? a.Textural square b.Ribbon test c.Textural triangle d.Texture test

73. Answers 1.How is pH raised and acidity lowered in acidic soil? a.The addition of nitrogen to the soil b.The addition of lime to the soil c.The addition of sulfur to the soil d.The addition of potash to the soil 2.There are twelve basic textural classes that can be determined after a soil test using which of the following resources? a.Textural square b.Ribbon test c.Textural triangle d.Texture test

74. Date 1.Which of the following components make up fifty percent of a typical soil structure? a.Peat moss, organic matter b.Sand, silt c.Water, air d.Peat moss, inorganic matter 2.Which of the following is a commonly used component of a soilless growing media? a.Peat moss b.Silt c.Clay d.Sand

75. Answers 1.Which of the following components make up fifty percent of a typical soil structure? a.Peat moss, organic matter b.Sand, silt c.Water, air d.Peat moss, inorganic matter 2.Which of the following is a commonly used component of a soilless growing media? a.Peat moss b.Silt c.Clay d.Sand

76. Date 1.Which of the following is not true statement about soilless growing media? a.They are sterile b.They are uniform in composition c.They have good moisture retention and drainage d.They contain a high mineral content 2.Which of the following components of a soilless media provides aeration? a.Sphagnum moss b.Perlite c.Vermiculite d.Peat moss

77. Answers 1.Which of the following is not true statement about soilless growing media? a.They are sterile b.They are uniform in composition c.They have good moisture retention and drainage d.They contain a high mineral content 2.Which of the following components of a soilless media provides aeration? a.Sphagnum moss b.Perlite c.Vermiculite d.Peat moss

78. Date 1.Which of the following statements best describes a soilless media? a.Used only for hydroponics b.A growing media that has no soil c.More likely to have worms, bacteria, and nematodes than a soil mix d.Rarely used today 2.The proportion of sand, silt, and clay determines which of the following? a.Soil structure b.Soil texture c.Soil color d.Soil loam

79. Answers 1.Which of the following statements best describes a soilless media? a.Used only for hydroponics b.A growing media that has no soil c.More likely to have worms, bacteria, and nematodes than a soil mix d.Rarely used today 2.The proportion of sand, silt, and clay determines which of the following? a.Soil structure b.Soil texture c.Soil color d.Soil loam

80. Date 1.Grafting consists of which two pieces of a plant? a.Root and stem b.Pollen and egg c.Scion and stock or rootstock d.Root and bud 2.Which of the following is true about tissue culture? a.Tissue culture techniques are used to grow genetically engineered plant cells b.Only a small number of plants can be propagated through tissue culture c.Virus diseases can never be eliminated from plant tissue using the tissue culture method of propagation d.Tissue culture is a highly technical form of sexual reproduction

81. Answers 1.Grafting consists of which two pieces of a plant? a.Root and stem b.Pollen and egg c.Scion and stock or rootstock d.Root and bud 2.Which of the following is true about tissue culture? a.Tissue culture techniques are used to grow genetically engineered plant cells b.Only a small number of plants can be propagated through tissue culture c.Virus diseases can never be eliminated from plant tissue using the tissue culture method of propagation d.Tissue culture is a highly technical form of sexual reproduction

82. Date 1.What is tissue culture? a.The process of connecting two plant parts together in such a way that they will unite and grow as a single plant b.Growing fertilized seeds into mature plants c.Dividing plant roots or the entire plant into two or more plants by cutting the original plant d.Growing plant cells or small pieces of plant tiss on an artificial medium 2.Asexual propagation involves _______________: a.Pollination b.Reproduction of plants using only vegetative parts c.New genetic combinations in the offspring d.Fertilization of an egg by sperm

83. Answers 1.What is tissue culture? a.The process of connecting two plant parts together in such a way that they will unite and grow as a single plant b.Growing fertilized seeds into mature plants c.Dividing plant roots or the entire plant into two or more plants by cutting the original plant d.Growing plant cells or small pieces of plant tissue on an artificial medium 2.Asexual propagation involves _______________: a.Pollination b.Reproduction of plants using only vegetative parts c.New genetic combinations in the offspring d.Fertilization of an egg by sperm

84. Date 1.How are chrysanthemums propagated? a.Seed b.Leaf cuttings c.Stem cuttings d.Air layering 2.Sexual reproduction involves which of the following? a.Genetically identical offspring b.Offspring called clones c.New genetic combination in the offspring d.Reproduction without the need of egg or sperm

85. Answers 1.How are chrysanthemums propagated? a.Seed b.Leaf cuttings c.Stem cuttings d.Air layering 2.Sexual reproduction involves which of the following? a.Genetically identical offspring b.Offspring called clones c.New genetic combination in the offspring d.Reproduction without the need of egg or sperm

86. Date 1.Which of the following are the requirements for seed germination? a. Water, oxygen, optimum temperatures and possibly light or dark conditions b. Water, carbon dioxide, optimum temperatures, and possibly light or dark conditions c. Soil, oxygen, optimum temperatures and darkness d. Water, fertilizer, carbon dioxide, and optimum temperatures 2. What is the most common method of propagation in flowering and vegetable crops? a. leaf cutting b. Division of roots c. grafting d. seeds

87. Answers 1.Which of the following are the requirements for seed germination? a. Water, oxygen, optimum temperatures and possibly light or dark conditions b. Water, carbon dioxide, optimum temperatures, and possibly light or dark conditions c. Soil, oxygen, optimum temperatures and darkness d. Water, fertilizer, carbon dioxide, and optimum temperatures 2. What is the most common method of propagation in flowering and vegetable crops? a. leaf cutting b. Division of roots c. grafting d. seeds

88. Date 1.A strawberry plant will naturally propagate by developing a: a.Bulb b.Tuber c.Runner d.Rhizome 2.Which of the following is not a benefit of growing horticulture crops from seed? a.Plants are uniform in growth b.Reduced germination rates c.Young plants are more disease resistant d.Cheaper way to produce crops

89. Answers 1.A strawberry plant will naturally propagate by developing a: a.Bulb b.Tuber c.Runner d.Rhizome 2.Which of the following is not a benefit of growing horticulture crops from seed? a.Plants are uniform in growth b.Reduced germination rates c.Young plants are more disease resistant d.Cheaper way to produce crops

90. Date 1.Which of the following must be placed on the label of plants or seeds? a.Date only b.Name and variety c.Variety only d.Name, variety, date (and in Ms. G.’s class, initials too) 2.When growing Chrysanthemums, it is important to water _____ to prevent root rot. a.When the top of the growing medium begins to appear dry b.When it is convenient c.When the plants are wilted d.When the medium is saturate

91. Answers 1.Which of the following must be placed on the label of plants or seeds? a.Date only b.Name and variety c.Variety only d.Name, variety, date (and in Ms. G.’s class, initials too) 2.When growing Chrysanthemums, it is important to water _____ to prevent root rot. a.When the top of the growing medium begins to appear dry b.When it is convenient c.When the plants are wilted d.When the medium is saturate

92. Date 1.How are strawberries, raspberries, and blackberries harvested? a.By hand b.By mechanical picker c.By mechanical shakers d.High velocity spray 2.Nitrogen causes plant to: a.Grow rapidly and develop a dark green color b.Resist disease and develop strong roots c.Harden off more readily d.Produce more blooms

93. Answers 1.How are strawberries, raspberries, and blackberries harvested? a.By hand b.By mechanical picker c.By mechanical shakers d.High velocity spray 2.Nitrogen causes plant to: a.Grow rapidly and develop a dark green color b.Resist disease and develop strong roots c.Harden off more readily d.Produce more blooms

94. Date 1.Lime provides the plant with which element? a.Nitrogen b.Potash c.Calcium d.Magnesium 2.All of the following statements are benefits of potassium except: a.Increases the resistance to disease b.Develops a strong root system c.Essential in developing chlorophyll d.Flowers and seeds cannot form with it

95. Answers 1.Lime provides the plant with which element? a.Nitrogen b.Potash c.Calcium d.Magnesium 2.All of the following statements are benefits of potassium except: a.Increases the resistance to disease b.Develops a strong root system c.Essential in developing chlorophyll d.Flowers and seeds cannot form with it

96. Date 1.Which of the following is not an indication of a phosphorus deficiency? a.Purple coloring on the underside of leaves b.Reduced flower c.Reduced fruit production d.Yellowing of leaf margins 2.What term is used to describe when chemicals, oil, and other substances leak into the land? a.Contamination b.Natural erosion c.Salinization d.Soil erosion

97. Answers 1.Which of the following is not an indication of a phosphorus deficiency? a.Purple coloring on the underside of leaves b.Reduced flower c.Reduced fruit production d.Yellowing of leaf margins 2.What term is used to describe when chemicals, oil, and other substances leak into the land? a.Contamination b.Natural erosion c.Salinization d.Soil erosion

98. Date 1.The United States Department of Agriculture Plant Hardiness Map divides the United States into how many regions? a.10 b.13 c.9 d.20 2.On the United States Department of Agriculture Plant Hardiness Map, Kentucky is located in region: a.5 b.6 c.8 d.9

99. Answers 1.The United States Department of Agriculture Plant Hardiness Map divides the United States into how many regions? a.10 b.13 c.9 d.20 2.On the United States Department of Agriculture Plant Hardiness Map, Kentucky is located in region: a.5 b.6 c.8 d.9

100. Date 1.Which of the following pesticides would be used to eliminate insects such as aphids or white flies? a.Fungicide b.Insecticide c.Miticide d.Herbicide 2.Which of the following pesticides would be used to eliminate pests such as mites or ticks? a.Fungicide b.Insecticide c.Miticide d.Herbicide

101. Answers 1.Which of the following pesticides would be used to eliminate insects such as aphids or white flies? a.Fungicide b.Insecticide c.Miticide d.Herbicide 2.Which of the following pesticides would be used to eliminate pests such as mites or ticks? a.Fungicide b.Insecticide c.Miticide d.Herbicide

102. Date 1.Which of the following are the four main routes that a pesticide can enter the body? a.Oral, dermal, inhalation, eye b.Oral, hair, blood, eye c.Blood, lymph nodes, dermal, inhalation d.Kidneys, dermal, hair, eye 2.Which of the following is not an acceptable practice when disposing of chemical containers? a.Burn empty containers b.Rinse equipment and container in a grassy area c.Wash contaminated clothing separately d.Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water

103. Answers 1.Which of the following are the four main routes that a pesticide can enter the body? a.Oral, dermal, inhalation, eye b.Oral, hair, blood, eye c.Blood, lymph nodes, dermal, inhalation d.Kidneys, dermal, hair, eye 2.Which of the following is not an acceptable practice when disposing of chemical containers? a.Burn empty containers b.Rinse equipment and container in a grassy area c.Wash contaminated clothing separately d.Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water

104. Date 1.A pesticide that has the signal word “DANGER” on the label would be which of the following acute toxicity levels? a.Moderately toxic b.Slightly toxic c.Highly toxic d.Relatively toxic 2.A pesticide that has a signal word “WARNING” on the label would be which of the following acute toxicity levels? a. Moderately toxic b. Slightly toxic c. Highly toxic d. Relatively toxic

105. Answers 1.A pesticide that has the signal word “DANGER” on the label would be which of the following acute toxicity levels? a.Moderately toxic b.Slightly toxic c.Highly toxic d.Relatively toxic 2.A pesticide that has a signal word “WARNING” on the label would be which of the following acute toxicity levels? a. Moderately toxic b. Slightly toxic c. Highly toxic d. Relatively toxic

106. Date 1.Which of the following is an acceptable time to spray a pesticide outdoors? a.Early morning b.Mid day c.On a windy day d.When workers or person are present in the area 2.Which of the following would be the first step in the proper mixing of pesticides? a.Fill the sprayer with 2/3”s of the water needed b.Test the sprayer with water to check for leaks and other malfunctions c.Read the label to determine the proper mixture d.Mix chemicals in a grassy area

107. Answers 1.Which of the following is an acceptable time to spray a pesticide outdoors? a.Early morning b.Mid day c.On a windy day d.When workers or person are present in the area 2.Which of the following would be the first step in the proper mixing of pesticides? a.Fill the sprayer with 2/3’s of the water needed b.Test the sprayer with water to check for leaks and other malfunctions c.Read the label to determine the proper mixture d.Mix chemicals in a grassy area

108. Date 1.A chewing insect, such as a grasshopper, beetle, or caterpillar will result in all of the following except: a.Sucking of sap from plant tissues b.Holes in leaves c.Removal of tissue between leaf veins d.Consumption of roots 2.Which of the following insects is considered to be an insect with sucking mouthparts? a.Aphid b.Beetle c.Thrip d.Grasshopper

109. Answer 1.A chewing insect, such as a grasshopper, beetle, or caterpillar will result in all of the following except: a.Sucking of sap from plant tissues b.Holes in leaves c.Removal of tissue between leaf veins d.Consumption of roots 2.Which of the following insects is considered to be an insect with sucking mouthparts? a.Aphid b.Beetle c.Thrip d.Grasshopper

110. Date 1.Which of the following insects is considered to be a chewing insect? a.Scale b.Aphids c.Thrips d.Beetle 2.Aphids and scales can cause the following damage to plants except: a.Spotting of foliage b.Curling of leaves c.Stunted fruits d.Holes in foliage

111. Answers 1.Which of the following insects is considered to be a chewing insect? a.Scale b.Aphids c.Thrips d.Beetle 2.Aphids and scales can cause the following damage to plants except: a.Spotting of foliage b.Curling of leaves c.Stunted fruits d.Holes in foliage

112. Date 1.It is recommended to clean hand tools, such as a hand trowel or shovel: a.Once a month b.After 5 uses c.After every use d.At the end of summer 2.Which of the following pruning tools would be used to trim branches large in diameter and 10’ above a ground maintenance workers reach? a.Hand pruners b.Lopping shears c.Pole pruner d.Pruning saw

113. Answers 1.It is recommended to clean hand tools, such as a hand trowel or shovel: a.Once a month b.After 5 uses c.After every use d.At the end of summer 2.Which of the following pruning tools would be used to trim branches large in diameter and 10’ above a ground maintenance workers reach? a.Hand pruners b.Lopping shears c.Pole pruner d.Pruning saw

114. Date 1.Which of the following would bot be a benefit of cleaning and maintaining hand tools used in the horticulture industry? a.Prevent the spread of diseases b.Makes pruning difficult c.Extends their life span d.Prevents rusting of blades 2.Which of the following is a good safety practice associated with power tools? a.Plug electric tools in while checking and repairing b.Use tools that create a potential safety hazard such as electric tools with damaged cords or tools with missing or defective guards/ shields c.Operate electric tools in wet or damp areas d.Operate gasoline- powered tools only in well- ventilated areas

115. Answers 1.Which of the following would bot be a benefit of cleaning and maintaining hand tools used in the horticulture industry? a.Prevent the spread of diseases b.Makes pruning difficult c.Extends their life span d.Prevents rusting of blades 2.Which of the following is a good safety practice associated with power tools? a.Plug electric tools in while checking and repairing b.Use tools that create a potential safety hazard such as electric tools with damaged cords or tools with missing or defective guards/ shields c.Operate electric tools in wet or damp areas d.Operate gasoline- powered tools only in well- ventilated areas

116. Date 1.If a serious accident occurs in the workplace, which of the following should you do first? a.Immediately administer CPR b.Move the victim to a safe place c.Leave the victim d.Call 911 for Emergency Medical Services 2.When calling 911, you should give all of the following information to the dispatcher except? a.Names of all victims b.Type of emergency c.Location of emergency d.Number of victims

117. Answers 1.If a serious accident occurs in the workplace, which of the following should you do first? a.Immediately administer CPR b.Move the victim to a safe place c.Leave the victim d.Call 911 for Emergency Medical Services 2.When calling 911, you should give all of the following information to the dispatcher except? a.Names of all victims b.Type of emergency c.Location of emergency d.Number of victims

118. Date 1.Which of the following is an acceptable practice while operating a lawn mower? a.Read the owner’s manual b.Check the mower for loose parts c.Know the area in which you are mowing d.Remove the guards from the mowing deck 2.Which of the following is not considered to be a piece of personal protective equipment that should be worn when applying pesticides? a.Respirator b.Eye protection c.Cotton gloves d.Waterproof clothing

119. Answers 1.Which of the following is an acceptable practice while operating a lawn mower? a.Read the owner’s manual b.Check the mower for loose parts c.Know the area in which you are mowing d.Remove the guards from the mowing deck 2.Which of the following is not considered to be a piece of personal protective equipment that should be worn when applying pesticides? a.Respirator b.Eye protection c.Cotton gloves d.Waterproof clothing

120. Date 1.If a pesticide is spilled on the skin, it should be washed off immediately with which of the following? a.Soap and water b.Water only c.Moist towel d.Rubbing alcohol 2.A pesticide that has a signal word “CAUTION” on the label would be which of the following acute toxicity levels? a.Moderately toxic b.Slightly toxic c.Highly toxic d.Relatively toxic

121. Answers 1.If a pesticide is spilled on the skin, it should be washed off immediately with which of the following? a.Soap and water b.Water only c.Moist towel d.Rubbing alcohol 2.A pesticide that has a signal word “CAUTION” on the label would be which of the following acute toxicity levels? a.Moderately toxic b.Slightly toxic c.Highly toxic d.Relatively toxic

122. Date 1.Safety in the horticulture industry is the responsibility of: a.Manager b.Employees c.Machinery operators d.Everyone in the workplace 2.The Worker Protection Standards (WPS) law enforces which of the following? a.Regulates chemicals b.Bans chemicals from agricultural applications c.Regulates pesticides used for homeowners d.Sets guidelines for during and after chemical application

123. Answers 1.Safety in the horticulture industry is the responsibility of: a.Manager b.Employees c.Machinery operators d.Everyone in the workplace 2.The Worker Protection Standards (WPS) law enforces which of the following? a.Regulates chemicals b.Bans chemicals from agricultural applications c.Regulates pesticides used for homeowners d.Sets guidelines for during and after chemical application

124. Date 1.Which of the following tools would not be acceptable to use for pruning? a.Hand shears b.Lopping shears c.Pruning saw d.Chisel 2.Which class of fire extinguisher is used to put out a fire on greenhouse glazing materials, such as acrylic, polycarbonate, or fiberglass reinforced polyester? a.Class A b.Class B c.Class C d.Class D

125. Answers 1.Which of the following tools would not be acceptable to use for pruning? a.Hand shears b.Lopping shears c.Pruning saw d.Chisel 2.Which class of fire extinguisher is used to put out a fire on greenhouse glazing materials, such as acrylic, polycarbonate, or fiberglass reinforced polyester? a.Class A b.Class B c.Class C d.Class D

126. Date 1.Which class of fire extinguisher is used to put out a fire on flammable liquids such as gasoline, fertilizers, pesticides, or oil? a.Class A b.Class B c.Class C d.Class D 2.Which class of fire extinguisher is used to put out a fire on electrical equipment, such as machinery, power tools, or unit heaters? a.Class A b.Class B c.Class C d.Class D

127. Answers 1.Which class of fire extinguisher is used to put out a fire on flammable liquids such as gasoline, fertilizers, pesticides, or oil? a.Class A b.Class B c.Class C d.Class D 2.Which class of fire extinguisher is used to put out a fire on electrical equipment, such as machinery, power tools, or unit heaters? a.Class A b.Class B c.Class C d.Class D

128. Date 1.A green triangle located on a portabel fire extinguisher indicates that it is which of the following: a.Class A b.Class B c.Class C d.Combination 2.A red square located on a portable fire extinguisher indicates that it is which of the following? 1.Class A 2.Class B 3.Class C 4.Combination

129. Answers 1.A green triangle located on a portable fire extinguisher indicates that it is which of the following: a.Class A b.Class B c.Class C d.Combination 2.A red square located on a portable fire extinguisher indicates that it is which of the following? 1.Class A 2.Class B 3.Class C 4.Combination

130. Date 1.A blue circle located on a portable fire extinguisher indicates that it is which of the following? a.Class A b.Class B c.Class C d.Combination 2.In a head house, chemical storage building, or greenhouse the fire extinguisher should be located: a.At the rear of the facility b.In the corner c.Locked in a cabinet d.By the exit door

131. Answers 1.A blue circle located on a portable fire extinguisher indicates that it is which of the following? a.Class A b.Class B c.Class C d.Combination 2.In a head house, chemical storage building, or greenhouse the fire extinguisher should be located: a.At the rear of the facility b.In the corner c.Locked in a cabinet d.By the exit door

132. Date 1.Which of the following defines safety in the workplace? a.Preventing injury and loss b.Staying out of harms way c.Working slowly d.Reading all the instructions 2.Which of the following agencies approve pesticide labels? a.Kentucky Department of Agriculture b.United States Department of Agriculture c.Food and Drug Administration d.Environmental Protection Agency

133. Answers 1.Which of the following defines safety in the workplace? a.Preventing injury and loss b.Staying out of harms way c.Working slowly d.Reading all the instructions 2.Which of the following agencies approve pesticide labels? a.Kentucky Department of Agriculture b.United States Department of Agriculture c.Food and Drug Administration d.Environmental Protection Agency