1. Fertilization & Development

2. Fertilization occurs in the oviduct
Sperm + Egg  Zygote
Haploid +Haploid  Diploid

3. Formation of the Zygote
Once fertilization has occurred and the genetic material has combined, cell division begins.
Is it mitosis or meiosis?

4. Formation of the Zygote
Once fertilization has occurred and the genetic material has combined, cell division begins.
Is it mitosis or meiosis?
Mitosis

5. Formation of the Zygote
A special type of mitotic cell division called
cleavage occurs.

6. Formation of the Zygote
Cleavage results in cells being formed which become progressively smaller.

7. Formation of the Zygote
Notice how the over all size remains the same while the number of cells increase.

8. Formation of the Zygote

9. Formation of the Zygote
Cleavage occurs while the zygote is moving through the oviduct.

10. Formation of the Zygote
As the zygote develops it goes through several specific phases.
These are the :
Morula
Blastula &
Gastrula

11. Formation of the Zygote
The Morula is a solid ball of cells. This develops during the first few days after conception.

12. Formation of the Zygote
The Blastula is a hollow ball of cells.

13. Formation of the Zygote
The Gastrula is formed from the blastula. It establishes the three embryonic tissue layers.

14. Formation of the Zygote
The three layers are:
Endoderm
Mesoderm &
Ectoderm

15. Formation of the Zygote
The ectoderm gives rise to the skin and nervous system.

16. Formation of the Zygote
The ectoderm gives rise to the skin and nervous system. The mesoderm gives rise to the muscles, bones, circulatory and excretory systems.

17. Formation of the Zygote
The ectoderm gives rise to the skin and nervous system. The mesoderm gives rise to the muscles, bones, circulatory and excretory systems. The Endoderm gives rise to the digestive and respiratory systems.

18. Implantation
The Morula secrets a hormone, HcG. This maintains Progesterone levels, preventing menstruation.

19. Implantation
HcG is detected early and forms the basis for the home pregnancy test kits .

20. Implantation
Implantation occurs in the endometrial lining of the uterus. This occurs by day 7.

21. Associated Structures
The umbilical cord connects the embryo to the placenta.

22. Associated Structures
The umbilical cord connects the embryo to the placenta. In adults, its scar forms the navel.

23. Associated Structures
The placenta is the site of gas and nutrient exchange between the mother and the fetus.

24. Associated Structures
The Amniotic Fluid is the liquid that the baby floats in. It serves as a cushion.

25. Multiple Births Multiple births can occur two ways:
The splitting of one fertilized egg that will give rise to identical twins

26. Multiple Births Multiple births can occur two ways:
The splitting of one fertilized egg that will give rise to identical twins
Multiple eggs are fertilized giving rise to fraternal twins (not identical)

27. Twins

28. In Vitro Fertilization

29. Types of Sexual Reproduction
The reproductive pattern shown by mammals and marsupials involves internal fertilization and internal development.

30. Types of Sexual Reproduction
The reproductive pattern shown by mammals and marsupials involves internal fertilization and internal development. The number of off spring per pregnancy is low but parental care is high.

31. Types of Sexual Reproduction

32. Types of Sexual Reproduction
The reproductive pattern shown by reptiles and birds involves internal fertilization but external development (egg) The number of off spring is higher, and parental care is variable.

33. Types of Sexual Reproduction

34. Types of Sexual Reproduction
The reproductive pattern shown by amphibians and fish involves external fertilization and external development The number of off spring is much higher, and parental care is usually lacking

35. Types of Sexual Reproduction

36. Types of Sexual Reproduction
Regardless of the type of sexual reproduction, the development of the embryo is similar.