2. Welcome to Presentation Plus! Presentation Plus! Civics Today Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Developed by FSCreations, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 Send all inquiries to: GLENCOE DIVISION Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus, Ohio 43240

3. Splash Screen

4. Contents Chapter Introduction Section 1Development of American Political Parties Section 2Organization of American Political Parties Section 3Role of Political Parties Today Review to Learn Chapter Assessment Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.

5. Chapter Intro 1 Chapter Overview In Chapter 9 you learn about political parties and politics. Section 1 describes the development of political parties. Section 2 explains the organization of American political parties. Section 3 discusses the role of political parties today.

6. Chapter Intro 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Objectives After studying this chapter, you will be able to:  Explain how political parties came to exist.  Describe the structure of today’s political parties.  Discuss how political parties influence life today.

7. Section 1-1 Guide to Reading Shortly after our nation’s birth, political leaders formed parties in an attempt to gain control of decision making in the government.  political party  Main Idea Key Terms two-party system  third party  platform  plank Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

8. Section 1-4 The Two-Party System A political party is an association of voters with broad common interests who want to influence or control decision making in government by electing the party’s candidates to public office.  Parties pick candidates who agree with their beliefs and try to persuade voters to support those candidates. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 218–219)

9. Section 1-5 The Two-Party System (cont.) Anyone may join a political party.  You simply declare yourself a member.  The United States has had two major parties, or a two-party system, since 1860. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 218–219)

10. Section 1-6 The Two-Party System (cont.) Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton disagreed strongly about how the government should operate.  Hamilton wanted a strong national government and strong president.  Jefferson wanted less power for the national government and more for state governments.  Two rival political groups formed around these two leaders. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 218–219)

11. Section 1-7 The Two-Party System (cont.) Jefferson’s group was called the Democratic-Republican Party.  In 1828, the party split, and the new leader Andrew Jackson aligned with the Democratic Party.  Jefferson’s party grew stronger.  Hamilton’s group, the Federalist Party, faded away. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 218–219)

12. Section 1-8 The Two-Party System (cont.) The Whigs (or National Republicans) rose in 1830, and the Whigs and Democrats remained the two major parties until the 1850s. (pages 218–219)

13. Section 1-9 The Two-Party System (cont.) In 1854 breakaway Democrats and Whigs who opposed slavery formed the Republican Party.  The Whigs lost support.  Abraham Lincoln became the first Republican president in 1860.  Since then, Republicans and Democrats have been our two major parties. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 218–219)

14. Section 1-11 Third Parties Third parties sometimes challenge the two major parties.  A third party has never won a presidential election and rarely wins other major elections.  Third parties can influence the outcome of elections and may influence policy. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 219–221)

15. Section 1-12 Third Parties (cont.) Farmers and laborers formed the Populists in the 1890s.  They called for the direct election of senators and an eight-hour working day.  They did not win, but the two major parties adopted many of their ideas. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 219–221)

16. Section 1-13 Third Parties (cont.) In 1912, former Republican president Theodore Roosevelt ran for president for the Progressives, or Bull Moose Party.  He won enough votes away from the Republican candidate, William Howard Taft, that Democrat Woodrow Wilson won the election. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 219–221)

17. Section 1-14 Third Parties (cont.) Some third parties arise to promote a social, economic, or moral issue.  The Prohibitionist Party pushed for laws against the sale of alcohol.  Single-issue parties fade when the issue loses importance or a major party adopts it. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 219–221)

18. Section 1-15 Third Parties (cont.) Ideological parties focus on changing society in major ways.  The Socialist Labor Party and Communist Party favor government ownership.  The Libertarian Party wants more individual freedom.  The Green Party opposes the power of corporations. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 219–221)

19. Section 1-16 Third Parties (cont.) Some third parties form around well- known individuals who cannot get support from a major party.  Such parties fade after their candidate’s defeat.  Republican and Democratic candidates are automatically placed on the ballot in many states.  Third-party candidates must obtain a large number of signatures to get on the ballot. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 219–221)

20. Section 1-17 Third Parties (cont.) Usually only one candidate can win a district.  Most voters favor a major party.  Third parties have trouble raising enough money to compete with the major parties. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 219–221)

21. Section 1-19 Other Party Systems Political parties exist in most countries, but two-party systems are rare.  Most democracies have multiparty systems.  One party rarely wins enough support to control the government, so several parties must work together.  Competing interests can create a politically unstable situation. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 221–222)

22. Section 1-20 Other Party Systems (cont.) In a one-party system, the government and party are nearly the same thing.  In the People’s Republic of China, only the Communist Party is allowed to exist.  A one-party system is not a democracy.  There are no rival candidates in the elections. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 221–222)

23. Section 1-21 Other Party Systems (cont.) One-party systems also exist in some non-Communist nations.  Muslim leaders control Iran’s Islamic Republican Party.  Other parties are outlawed or inactive. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 221–222)

24. Section 1-23 Today’s Major Parties Competing political parties give voters a choice among candidates and ideas.  The major parties differ mainly in their belief about how much the government should be involved in the lives of Americans. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (page 222)

25. Section 1-24 Today’s Major Parties (cont.) Democrats tend to believe that the federal government should be more directly involved in regulating the economy and providing for the poor.  Republicans tend to believe that if they help the economy grow, poor people will have a better chance of finding jobs and providing for themselves.  They believe in less regulation. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (page 222)

26. Section 1-25 Today’s Major Parties (cont.) Both parties try to appeal to as many voters as possible.  As a result, they tend to adopt mainstream, moderate positions and avoid extremes.  The parties are also similar because the American people generally agree about many issues. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (page 222)

27. Section 1-26 Today’s Major Parties (cont.) A platform is a series of statements expressing the party’s principles, beliefs, and positions on issues.  Each individual part is called a plank.  The platform communicates to voters what the party plans to do if it wins. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (page 222)

28. End of Section 1 Click the mouse button to return to the Contents slide.

29. Section 2-1 Guide to Reading Both the Republicans and the Democrats have highly organized political organizations at the local, state, and national levels.  national committee  Main Idea Key Terms national party chairperson  delegate  caucus  precinct  ward  county chairperson  political machine Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

30. Section 2-4 National Party Organization The goal that unites a party’s national, state, and local organizations is to help the party win as many offices as possible.  Each party has a national committee made up of representatives from every state.  It raises funds for presidential elections and organizes the party’s national convention.  A national party chairperson runs the committee. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 223–224)

31. Section 2-5 National Party Organization (cont.) At the national convention, party delegates from all states write the platform and nominate candidates for president and vice president.  Each party chooses delegates in primary elections and caucuses, or meetings, of state and local party organizations. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 223–224)

32. Section 2-6 National Party Organization (cont.) Historically, national conventions were suspenseful.  Today, primary elections generally decide the nominations before the conventions take place.  Both parties also have House and Senate campaign committees made up of members of Congress.  They work to elect party members as senators and representatives. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 223–224)

33. Section 2-8 State and Local Organization Each party has 50 state organizations that work to elect their party’s candidates for national office.  Local party organizations consist of city, town, and county committees.  They include the party’s elected officials. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 224–226)

34. Section 2-9 State and Local Organization (cont.) Each city or county is divided into election districts or precincts.  A precinct is a geographic area that contains a specific number of voters.  It may be an entire small town or part of a large city.  All voters in a precinct use the same voting place. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 224–226)

35. Section 2-10 State and Local Organization (cont.) A precinct captain organizes other party volunteers and encourages people to vote.  Several adjoining precincts make up a ward.  A volunteer represents the ward at the party’s county committee. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 224–226)

36. Section 2-11 State and Local Organization (cont.) Counties are the largest political units in a state.  A county chairperson runs the county committee and has great power if the county is large. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 224–226)

37. Section 2-12 State and Local Organization (cont.) Local party people build support at the “grassroots” level.  Local leaders must know how their neighbors feel about issues important to them.  At election time they must “deliver the vote” for party candidates at every level. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 224–226)

38. Section 2-13 State and Local Organization (cont.) In the past, some local party organizations became so powerful that they were called political machines.  In the 1800s and early 1900s, the Tammany Hall organization ruled New York City.  Its leader, “Boss” Tweed, grew rich from bribes and kickbacks.  At a time when no social service agencies existed, political machines provided needy citizens with jobs, food, and other services in return for votes. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 224–226)

39. Section 2-14 State and Local Organization (cont.) Membership in a political party is not required, but it offers a way for citizens to be involved in politics.  The only duty is to vote.  Members can choose to contribute money, do volunteer work, or help with election campaigns. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 224–226)

40. End of Section 2 Click the mouse button to return to the Contents slide.

41. Section 3-1 Guide to Reading Although selecting candidates and running campaigns are the most important roles of political parties, they also serve other significant functions.  nomination  Main Idea Key Terms direct primary  closed primary  open primary  plurality  runoff primary  petition Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

42. Section 3-4 Nominating Candidates Political parties are active year-round.  They keep people informed and interested in issues and candidates.  They try to see that the party’s elected officials do a good job.  They politically criticize actions of the opposing party. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 227–230)

43. Section 3-5 Nominating Candidates (cont.) Parties select candidates through the nomination process.  In direct primaries, voters in each state choose candidates to represent the party in a general election.  Often the winner of the most primaries wins the party’s nomination. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 227–230)

44. Section 3-6 Nominating Candidates (cont.) Most states hold closed primaries in which only declared members may vote for the party’s nominees.  A few states hold an open primary in which voters need not declare a party preference to vote for the party’s nominees. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 227–230)

45. Section 3-7 Nominating Candidates (cont.) For offices open to only one winner, the nomination usually goes to the candidate who receives a plurality–the most votes among all those running.  In a few states, the winner must have a majority–a number greater than half of the total. If no candidate receives a majority, the party holds a runoff primary between the two top votegetters.  An unaffiliated candidate may get on the ballot if enough voters sign a petition–a paper declaring support for the candidate. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 227–230)

46. Section 3-9 Other Party Roles Parties raise money for the campaign and help get the candidates’ views across to the public.  They make sure supporters are registered to vote and actually vote.  Through campaign pamphlets, speeches, and advertising, parties inform citizens about issues and the way government works. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 229–230)

47. Section 3-10 Other Party Roles (cont.) After an election, party leaders recommend party supporters for government jobs to be filled by appointment rather than through the civil service process.  Party ties aid cooperation among levels and branches of government.  Shared views and relationships within a party make it easier for members to work together. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 229–230)

48. Section 3-11 Other Party Roles (cont.) Parties play a “watchdog” role.  The party out of power watches the actions of those in power for mistakes and misuse of power.  Competition between parties forces the party in power to pay attention to the will of the people. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 229–230)

49. End of Section 3 Click the mouse button to return to the Contents slide.

50. Review 1 Section 1: Development of American Political Parties Shortly after our nation began, two political parties formed.  The basic difference between the two parties today is their belief in how much the government should be involved in Americans’ lives. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

51. Review 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2: Organization of American Political Parties Each party has a national committee and congressional campaign committees. Each party also has 50 state committees and many local party organizations.  Some local party organizations became so powerful in the past that their candidates won almost every election. There were known as political machines.

52. Review 3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3: Role of Political Parties Today Political parties nominate candidates through a nomination process of direct primaries.  Political parties campaign for their candidates by raising money, informing voters, and getting people to vote.