1. Kids in Communities Study (KICS) Measuring community level effects on children’s developmental outcomes Professor Ilan Katz (Dr Sharon Goldfeld) May 2011

2. Centre for Community Child Health Kids in Communities Study Collaboration Sharon Goldfeld Paediatrician and Research Fellow, Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Childrens Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne Sally Brinkman Senior Research Fellow, Centre for Developmental Health, Curtin University Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia Shiji Zhao Branch Head, Analytical Services Branch, Methodology and Data Management Division, Australian Bureau Of Statistics Laurie Ford Faculty of Graduate Studies, Human Early Learning Partnership, University of British Columbia Ilan Katz Director, Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales Robert Tanton Principal Research Fellow, National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling (NATSEM), University of Canberra Elisabeth Waters McCaughey Centre for the Promotion of Mental Health and Social Wellbeing, School of Population Health, University of Melbourne Geoff Woolcock Urban Policy & Management, Urban Research Program, Griffith University

3. Centre for Community Child Health KICS and the AEDI: Background to the AEDI Australian Early Development Index (AEDI) used as outcome measure of children’s development at school entry age Based on Canadian Early Development Index (EDI) AEDI is a 100 item checklist completed by teachers – provides a snapshot of children’s development at ~ age 5 AEDI data available at the small area level (suburb) and also school but no individual data. Carried out in 2009 and funding agreed for two further national repetitions. Every child entering school in Australia participates

4. Centre for Community Child Health AEDI Domains Physical health & wellbeing Social competence Emotional maturity Language & cognitive skills (school-based) Communication skills & general knowledge

5. Centre for Community Child Health Background to KICS: AEDI data analysis has revealed community level effects influencing AEDI outcomes These effects remain after controlling for family, teacher and school effects Of particular interest are ‘off-diagonal’ communities, with AEDI results that are either higher or lower than expected given the community’s SES KICS established by multidisciplinary collaboration of experts in Australia and Canada KICS team created a model for exploring community level effects through KICS domains

6. Centre for Community Child Health “Off diagonal” communities – exceptions to the rule: learning from the extremes (healthy deprived areas-RESILIENT & unhealthy wealthy areas-AT RISK) 66 th % ile

7. Centre for Community Child Health “Off diagonal” communities – exceptions to the rule: learning from the extremes (healthy deprived areas-RESILIENT & unhealthy wealthy areas-AT RISK) 66 th % ile

8. Centre for Community Child Health MARIBYRNONG AEDI community, Victoria 5 km West of Melbourne Prepared by: AEDI National Support Centre, GIS Source: ABS SEIFA Index of Relative Socio-Economic Disadvantage 2001 Level of disadvantage according to SEIFA Index (Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas)

9. Centre for Community Child Health MARIBYRNONG AEDI Community, Victoria 5 km West of Melbourne Prepared by: AEDI National Support Centre, GIS Source: AEDI Communities Data 2005 Proportion of children vulnerable on one or more domains

10. Centre for Community Child Health State and federal government policies State & federal government policies Local Government Community Family Child Governance domain: Governance structures & policies Service domain: Quantity, quality, access and coordination of services Social domain: Social capital, neighbourhood, attachment, crime, trust, safety Physical domain: Parks, public transport, road safety, housing Governance domain: Citizen engagement Socio-economic domain: Community SES

11. Physical/Natural Social Socio- demographic Governance/ leadership Locality Child developmental outcomes Family National policy State policy Local policy Service Community level factors influencing children’s development Kids in Communities Study Collaboration Literature Review 2009

12. Centre for Community Child Health Pilot Phase Pilot phase timeline: 1. Collaborators allocated to virtual workgroups responsible for each of the 5 KICS factors or environments 2. Sub-factors determined for each of the KICS factor 3. Measures and methodologies determined for each sub-factor 4. Pilot community (Sunshine North, Melbourne) determined by ‘off- diagonal’ virtual workgroup 5. Methodologies tested  Results analysis and write-up

13. Centre for Community Child Health ARC Linkage Proposal Methodology: Focus on ‘off-diagonal’ communities Match a proportion of off diagonals with on-diagonals close by Communities must have adequate numbers of children for data accuracy Approximately 40 communities across 5 states and territories − NSW, VIC, Qld, SA, ACT − 15 in NSW 20 communities involve primary research

14. Centre for Community Child Health Methodologies overview Household surveys Neighbourhood observations Geospatial mapping Stakeholder interviews Parent focus groups Grey literature analysis Governance observations

15. Centre for Community Child Health Timelines YearStage/ Time Project milestoneOutputs 11: Jan- June Undertake analyses for off-diagonal communities and establish locations together with partners Peer reviewed paper and policy report on model for off diagonal method. 1 2 :Mar- Sept Finalise measures and commence research assistant training for data collection Report on measures for partner organisations 12:From Jul:Contact commences with measurement in communities with associated data analysis 22: Jan-DecData collection and analysis 32: Jan-JulyData collection and analysis 33: Mar-DecSynthesis of findings and final reporting3x PhD

16. Centre for Community Child Health Analyses to determine community level factors (including policy) most influencing child developmental outcomes in Australia and Canada Development of appropriate indicators for community “wellbeing” Implications for policy interventions “intervention” trial Potential collaboration outcomes

17. Centre for Community Child Health Challenges: problems to solve! Defining ‘off diagonal’ operationally − May refer to average of all domains, one domain etc − How ‘off’ must it be? − Separating statistical anomalies from real effects Measuring system level change-the outcome/s of many inputs Differentiating between family, community and early school influence on wellbeing. Extracting general trends from site-specific factors.

18. Centre for Community Child Health Ilan Katz Professor and Director Social Policy Research Centre Ilan.katz@unsw.edu.au www.sprc.unsw.edu.au