1. Please pass back the new objective sheet and read the board! Please get out paper for notes. Dig it!

2. A RE THESE WORTH PROTECTING ?

3. W HY SHOULD WE PROTECT BIODIVERSITY ?

4. T HREE T YPES OF B IODIVERSITY Ecosystem biodiversity Species biodiversity Genetic biodiversity

5. E COSYSTEM BIODIVERSITY : DIFFERENT TYPES OF EACH BIOME – THERE ’ S NOT JUST ONE KIND OF GRASSLAND !

7. G REAT P LAINS

8. E COSYSTEM BIODIVERSITY : T EMPERATE R AINFOREST AND T ROPICAL R AINFOREST

9. C ONIFEROUS FORESTS AND T EXAS DECIDUOUS FORESTS

10. G ENETIC B IODIVERSITY : T HE GENE POOL ( TOTAL DNA) OF A SPECIES If a species is too inbred, they could be more vulnerable to disease. They might not be able to handle changes in their environment well.

11. G ENETIC B IODIVERSITY

12. S PECIES D IVERSITY

13. 5 R EASONS TO PROTECT BIODIVERSITY 1. Medicinal 2. Agricultural 3. Commercial 4. Ecological 5. Ethical/Aesthetic

14. R EASON #1:M EDICINAL 40% of modern medicines come from plants/animals/fungi 95% of known plant species have never been tested for medicinal value Rosy Periwinkle: Hodgkin’s disease and lymphocytic leukemia

15. P ACIFIC Y EW – T AXOL CANCER MEDICINE

16. T HE N EEM TREE FROM I NDIA Historically used to clean teeth, skin disorders, insect repellent. What chemical does it contain? Could it be used at a commercial level to help more people?

17. R EASON #2: C OMMERCIAL Harvesting: Shrimp industry harvesting: Recreational hunting

18. C OMMERCIAL : E COTOURISM Visiting Nature Preserves Whale Watching

19. E COTOURISM Austin’s bat colony Snorkling

20. E COTOURISM Mountain biking Whitewater Rafting

21. B IOMIMICRY - ENGINEERING DESIGNS BASED ON NATURAL SYSTEMS

22. B IOMIMICRY – BULLET TRAIN INSPIRED BY KINGFISHER ’ S BILL

23. B IOMIMICRY – ENGINEERING DESIGNS BASED ON NATURAL SYSTEMS Whale fins – better wind turbines Underwater plants – floating energy harvesters

24. R EASON #3: A GRICULTURAL Of 80,000 known edible plants on the planet, we depend on 20 species to provide 90% of global food supply. Corn, rice, soy and wheat are 50% alone!

25. R ELYING TOO HEAVILY ON LIMITED VARIETY CAN BE DANGEROUS 1841-1851

26. L OSS OF DIVERSITY IN AGRICULTURE Apples – 14,000 apple cultivars in N. America have been reduced to 11 which supply 90% of our supply Coffee – 28% decline in Latin American production as climate change has brought new rainfall and pest patterns

28. N EW OPTIONS ? Winged Bean of New Guinea Katemfe berry

29. G ENES FROM MODERN CATTLE THAT CARRY AUROCH GENES WILL BE BRED TO LOOK AND ACT LIKE EXTINCT AUROCH. T HESE WILL BE ABLE TO BROWSE ON BEECH TREES WHICH ARE CHOKING E UROPE ’ S WOODS

30. P OLLINATORS

31. R EASON #4: E COLOGICAL Food webs Symbiotic relationships Indicator species US Fish and Wildlife Service estimates that losing one plant can trigger the loss of 30 other species Food webs Simba says it’s all connected!

32. E COLOGICAL Ecosystem services! Air purification Water filtration Climate control (absorbing CO2) Gene bank Soil building

33. R EASON #5: A ESTHETICS /R ECREATION /S PIRITUAL /M ORAL 1.5 million KNOWN species More are discovered every year We are ONE species Biodiversity enriches our lives!

34. “E NDANGERED MEANS THERE ’ S STILL TIME !” Threatened Endangered Extinct

35. S O DID WE MEET OUR OBJECTIVES TODAY ? 3 types of biodiversity 5 reasons to protect species Threatened Endangered Extinct

36. H OMEWORK FOR THE WEEKEND Endangered species index card!