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Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology

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Presentation on theme: "Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology"— Presentation transcript:

1 Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology

2 Genital Self-Exam Increases sexual comfort
Monitor for changes related to health concerns

3 The Vulva External female genitalia Mons Veneris Labia majora & minora

4 The Vulva (cont.)

5 The Vulva (cont.) Clitoris (analogous to penis)
external shaft & glans, internal crura clitoral hood only function = sexual arousal Clitoral stimulation most common way woman achieve orgasm Female genital mutilation

6 The Vulva (cont.)

7 The Vulva (cont.) Vestibule Perineum urethral opening
vaginal introitus (opening) hymen Perineum episiotomy

8 Underlying Structures
Vestibular bulbs Bartholin's glands Pelvic floor muscles Kegel exercises

9 Underlying Structures

10 Internal Structures Vagina 3 layers: mucous, muscle, fibrous
Arousal and vaginal lubrication lubrication changes vaginal ph and increases pleasure Grafenberg (G) spot Secretions & chemical balance

11 Internal Structures (cont.)

12 Internal Structures (cont.)
Cervix Uterus 3 layers: perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium fundus (top)

13 Internal Structures (cont.)
Fallopian tubes fimbriae cilia (hairlike cells that move ovum) fertilization occurs when egg is still close to ovary Ectopic pregnancy

14 Internal Structures (cont.)
Ovaries up to 472,000 immature ova at birth; 400 mature in lifetime ovulation = release of ovum

15 Menstruation Myths and negative attitudes Menarche (initial onset)
age 11-15 related to heredity, health, altitude

16 Menstruation (cont.) Menstrual physiology flow lasts from 2 to 6 days
volume varies (6 to 8 ounces) duration varies (24 to 42 days) menstrual synchrony

17 Menstruation (cont.)

18 Menstruation (cont.) The menstrual cycle
hypothalamus releases GnRH that stimulates pituitary pituitary produces: Follicle Stimulating Hormone Luteinizing Hormone Negative feedback mechanism

19 Menstruation (cont.) Changes during the menstrual cycle (a) indicates the hypothalamus in the brain measuring levels of hormones and releasing GnRh to stimulate the pituitary to secrete FSH and LH into the bloodstream (b) shows how the levels of FSH (red line) and LH (purple line) vary during the complete cycle. Note the midcycle peak of LH that stimulates ovulation (c) shows the ovarian changes during the phases of the cycle and (d) shows the fluctuations in blood levels of estrogen and progesterone produced by the ovaries and (e) indicates these hormonal effects on the lining of the uterus. After ovulation, the glands and ducts inside the endometrium (drawn and vertical tubes and spirals) develop and secrete nutrients that, if a woman became pregnant, would support the embryo.

20 Menstruation (cont.) Three phases of menstrual cycle
menstrual: shedding of endometrium proliferative: thickening of endometrium & follicle maturation, ovulation secretory: corpus luteum development further thickening of endometrium

21 Menstruation (cont.)

22 Menstruation (cont.) Fig. 4.8 The changes to the ovaries and uterus during (b) the secretory phase, and (c) the menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle.

23 Menstruation (cont.) Sexual activity and the menstrual cycle
Menstrual cycle problems premenstrual syndrome: Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder dysmenorrhea = painful menses amenorrhea = no menses toxic shock syndrome self-help for menstrual symptoms

24 Menopause Terms climacteric peri-menopause: time before menopause
menopause: permanent cessation of menstruation

25 Menopause (cont.) Symptoms vary from mild to strong
amenorrhea, then menopause hot flashes or warm spells night sweats, interrupted sleep headaches, poor concentration depression, anxiety

26 Menopause (cont.) Hormone replacement therapy
estrogen reduces hot flashes and psychological symptoms controversies with data reporting hazardous effects increased risk of breast cancer with exclusive use of estrogen alternatives to HRT

27 Gynecological Health Concerns
Urinary tract infections Vaginal infections Self-exams & vaginal health care

28 Gynecological Health Concerns (cont.)
Pap smear screens for cervical cancer Hysterectomy or oophorectomy most frequently performed U.S. operation, more frequently performed on low income, less educated women nonsurgical alternatives

29 The Breast mammary glands produce milk areola is darker area
fatty tissue determines size areola is darker area nipple is in center of areola & has openings for milk

30 The Breast (cont.)

31 The Breast (cont.) Breast exams self-exam following menstruation
routine healthcare provider exams mammography

32 The Breast (cont.) Breast exams
Fig. 4.9 It is helpful to use a chart similar to this one to keep track of lumps in the breasts.

33 The Breast (cont.) Breast lumps Breast cancer
cysts (fluid-filled sacs) fibroadenomas (solid, round, benign tumors) malignant tumor Breast cancer treatments risk factors reconstructive breast surgery benefits of early detection & treatment

34 The Breast (cont.)

35 The Breast (cont.)

36


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