2. The Frontier

3. Santa Elena de Uairén: Diplomatic Engagement (January 1973) Rafael Caldera Emílio Garrastazu Médici

4. Lula de Silva and Hugo Chávez “My government and my ministers will be committed to helping you” -Hugo Chávez

5. “We have evolved in eight years, more than we had evolved in 200 years. We evolved because we understand that although we speak different languages, in reality our people know that we are all South American,” – Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva

6. Contiuned Cooperation: Hugo Chávez and Dilma Rousseff "Dilma has a trajectory like Lula's, many years of leftist militancy. She's not just an opportunist... She’s a comrade” - Hugo Chávez

8. Trade Strong Relationship- Bilateral Trade $5 Billion Electricity Oil Liquid Natural Gas Coffee

9. More Trade 17 th Bilateral Meeting- 22 cooperation agreements Focus: Economic ties with Venezuelan Oil Industry PDVSA and Brazilian Petrochemical Company Braskem

11. Foreign Participation & Investment in Brazil Forbidden Mid – 1970’s Oil Exploration Risk contracts

12. 2009 Petroleos de Venezuela (PdVSA) Petroleo Brasileiro SA (Petrobras) Refinery NE Brazil Petrobras – 60% PdVSA – 40%

13. 2010 Polipropileno del Sur PdVSA Petroquímica de Venezuela Braskem Polypropylene plant Venezuela Paraguaná Refinery Complex

14. 2011 Petroleo Brasilerio Petroleos de Venezuela SA Refinery Brazil – Pernambuco PdVSA – 40% Still in discussion $15 billion Odebrecht Petroleos de Venezuela Search and produce oil Venezuela NW state of Zulia 25 years $50 million given to PdVSA 60% ownership

16. Strategic Infrastructure In 2001 the 2 countries opened a high-voltage power line to supply electricity from Venezuela to energy- starved Northern Brazil. In 2004 President Lula and President Chavez signed 20 agreements in energy and oil projects and defensive programs

17. Lula & Chavez signed 26 bilateral agreements (2006- 2011) Cooperation for regional development Industrial collaboration, Brazil agreed to support the Bank of Venezuela Technical assistance Goal - increase access to Venezuela’s most needy populations Infrastructure Bridge across Orinoco, Caracas Metro Housing

18. April 2010, they signed 22 agreements in the areas of energy, housing, culture, tourism and more. This was the 9 th bilateral meeting since 2007. Brazil agreed to support the Bank of Venezuela with technical assistance in order to increase access to Venezuela’s most needy populations.

19. Chavez & Dilma’s Foreign Minister Antonio Patriota. (2012) Reviewing existing cooperation agreements. Chavez promises by early 2012 as many as 200 communal banking terminals will be organized in low-income areas and peasant communities nationwide. Energy: Chavez repeats promise to build the Abreu e Lima refinery in Pernambuco (Northeastern Brazil).