1. THE EBULLIENCE OF BRAZIL LATI 50 Introduction to Latin America

2. SLOGANS AND STEREOTYPES Sambas and beaches Racial democracy Contrasts with Spanish America “country of the future” “God is a Brazilian”

3. VITAL STATISTICS, 2007 Population (millions)191.6 GDP ($U.S. billions)1314.2 GDP/capita ($U.S.) 5910 Poverty rate (% 2006) 33.3 Life expectancy (years) 72

6. AGRARIAN CYCLES Sugar – Brazilian Northeast – Slavery – 30% exports in 1820s, 5% by 1900 Rubber – 19 th century through World War I Coffee – South-central Brazil, especially state of São Paulo – Immigration from Europe – Risks and competition – 75% world production in 1900, 67% in 1930, 18% in 1978

7. INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT Beginning late nineteenth century, accelerated 1930s and 40s Concentration in São Paulo 30% of GDP by mid-1970s Urbanization as consequence Role and support of state Strength of organized labor Reduced dependency, increased autonomy

8. POLITICAL CHANGE First Republic (1889-1930) Getúlio Vargas and the Estado Novo (1930- 1945) Second Republic (1946-1964) Military Rule (1964-1985) Liberalization and Democratization (1985- present) Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (Lula)

9. BRAZIL: EMERGING POWER? Demographic size and economic strength MERCOSUR and UNASUR Containment of Hugo Chávez, leader of “moderate” Left Role in international forums (e.g., WTO) Candidacy for UN Security Council (G4) BRIC and rising powers Inclusion in tier of The Eight, right below USA Prospects for the future?