1. Expository Text Structures

2. Narrative vs. Expository “Begin at the beginning,’ the king said gravely,’ and go till you come to the end; then stop.’” Lewis Carroll Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (1865), p. 12 Table of Contents Chapters Headings Graphics Index

3. Increased interest in non-fiction Information Age Information Age 70 – 80% of standardized reading test content 70 – 80% of standardized reading test content 22 Research Studies 22 Research Studies –Preferred by boys –Preferred by remedial students –Students response “primarily to learn new things” Moss, Barbara, Teaching expository text structures. The Reading Teacher. May 2004. p 710 Carter, Betty and Richard Abrahamson, Nonfiction for Young Adults: From Delight to Wisdom. 1990

4. Descriptive

6. Enumerative Listings the followingalso then in addition anotherfurthermore finally likewise besides as well as several some manya few

8. Sequence firstnext seconduntil thirdwhile lastsoon thenafter at that timenow duringimmediately finally

9. That’s a Fact Give Me 5 Cover – title, written and illustrated by Copyright Thumb Pointer Tall man Ring man Pinky

10. Starving in a Land of Plenty Fall,1804 Pvt. George Shannon Lost for two weeks Tried to catch up with keelboat Ran out of bullets Ate grapes Shot rabbit Sat on shore Keelboat arrived soon then after at that time now during Immediately finally first next second until third while last

19. Comparison/Contrast howevereven though buton the contrary yetotherwise despitein comparison stillon the other hand

21. Cause and Effect for this reasonthus in order toas a result becauseconsequently so thaton account of thereforeaccordingly

23. Problem and Solution Problem and Solution problem solution because cause since as a result so that

26. PRIMARY SOVRCES Authentic documents and artifacts Authentic documents and artifacts Primary goal is for students to feel as if they are back in time themselves Primary goal is for students to feel as if they are back in time themselves Look for clues – annotate the text Look for clues – annotate the text Illustrate a quote Illustrate a quote Primary Sources Instructor, Monica Edinger, November/December 2001

35. November 06, 1804 William Clark last night late we wer awoke by the Sergeant of the Guard to See a Northern light, which was light, (but) not red, and appeared to Darken and Some times nearly obscured, and open,... many times appeared in light Streeks, and at other times a great Space light & containing floating collomns which appeared to approach each other & retreat leaveing the lighter space at no time of the Same appearance Capitals are used (or not) at random They doubled letters (or didn’t double them) differently than we do Punctuation is used or not at irregular times We need to use context clues because words may have different meanings An ‘e’ was either added or left off of the end of the word

36. “The Musquetoes uncommonly troublesome.” July 02, 1805 Meriwether Lewis “at day light this morning we we[re] awoke by the discharge of the fire arm[s] of all our party & a Selute, Shouts and a Song” December 25, 1805 William Clark

37. ... frost last night,... we Saw the Tracks of white bear which was verry large, October 07, 1804 William Clark These are the best looking Indians I have ever seen.... They are the most cleanly Indians I have ever seen on the voyage; as well as the most friendly and industrious. October 11, 1804 Patrick Gass

38. Vocabulary Development Word Word used in context orDefinition Picture Word used in original sentence

45. SQ3R (Robinson, 1961) Survey: think about the title, look at the illustrations, etc. read the 1 st paragraph and last or summary Survey: think about the title, look at the illustrations, etc. read the 1 st paragraph and last or summary Question: turn the title into a question, write down questions that come to mind, look at new vocabulary Question: turn the title into a question, write down questions that come to mind, look at new vocabulary 3R 3R –Read actively: search for answers to questions, relate to prior knowledge –Recite: recall what was read, recite answers to questions, reread –Review: answer questions, summarize

46. Search Strategy S Select specific topic E Establish what student knows, think they know, want to know A Ask questions to raise curiosity and to challenge students R Read resource materials C Come together like scholars; share and review in small groups H Have a large group discussion / presentation Adapted from Harvey Silver – Silver and Strong Associates, Inc.

47. Statue in St. Louis commemorating Lewis, Clark, Sacagawea, and Seaman "about 12 oClock we arived in Site of St Louis fired three Rounds as we approached the Town and landed [opposite] the center of the Town, the people gathred on the Shore and [gave] three cheers. we... [are] much rejoiced that we have the Expedition Completed and now we look for boarding in Town and wait for our Settlement and then we entend to return to our native homes to See our parents once more as we have been so long from them." John Ordway, September 23, 1806