1. Literature Review: Patient Safety Pelletier KD (2009). Mayo Clinic/Cardinal Health GLN Implementation. Mayo Clinic. Standard Products and Services Code® (UNSPSC®) – Product Classification

2. Literature Review: RFID Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) provides a way to improve patient care – Tracking patients, staff, and assets (equipment and supplies) Cost is prohibitive for items under $15 at this time NY Presbyterian/Weill Cornell uses RFID to track supplies in cardiac surgery department – $230,000 savings on unneeded heart valves Kumar, S., Swanson, E., & Tran, T. (2009). RFID in the healthcare supply chain: usage and application. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 22(1), 67-81. Scheurenberg, B. K. (2008). RFID moves beyond assets: Provider organizations use tracking technologies to help improve workflow, quality of care and patient safety. Health Data Management, 16(1), 36-38.

3. Literature Review: Case Studies Catholic Health Initiatives $125 million cost savings – Utilization: 20% savings – Freight: 10% savings – Staffing: 4% savings – Supplies: $64% savings Reduced supply report data sources from 30 to 1 Lawson Business Intelligence (BI) tools provide operational reports Mountain States Health Alliance Created single materials management office to handle 7 facilities Electronic ordering increased 85% (95% with Lawson fax integrator) Lawson Requisition Self Service increased online orders by 49% with no staff increase

4. Literature Review: Lessons from Mass Retail Supply chain streamlining in mass retail (Wal- Mart) translate to health care cost savings – Commoditizing currently customized items – Providing retail clinics as preferred providers of routine treatments, tests, and vaccinations – Bundling services and products into an episode of care Agwunbi, J., London, A. (2009). Removing Costs from the Health Care Supply Chain: Lessons from Mass Retail. Health Affairs. 28(5), 1336-1342.

5. Literature Review: Metrics and Benchmarking Benchmarking supply chain for continuous performance improvement: – Setting the Foundation – Gathering Data – Interpreting the Benchmarks – Taking Action Smith-Daniels,Vicki. (2008). Hitting the Benchmark: How To Get The Most From Your Metrics. Materials Management in Health Care, 17(9),18.