1. INSTRUCTIONS SLIDE Welcome This is a template to create an Instructional Design Document of the concept you have selected for creating animation. This will take you through a 5 section process to provide the necessary details to the animator before starting the animation. The legend on the left will indicate the current status of the document. The Black coloured number will denote the current section, the Turquoise color would denote the completed sections, and the Sky blue color would denote the remaining sections. The slides having 'Instructions' would have a Yellow box, as shown on the top of this slide. 1 5 3 2 4

2. Heat Exchangers http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tubular_heat_exchanger.png Created by: Shri Vardhan Nuwal Gaurav Jasoriya

3. Definitions and Keywords Heat Exchangers: Heat exchanger is a device for heat exchange between two fluids; say hot and cold fluids. Heat exchangers are classified based on the (geometrical) construction or flow arrangement. For instance heat exchangers can be concentric pipe heat exchangers, cross-flow heat exchangers, and shell-tube heat exchangers. Our main discussion will be around concentric pipe/tubular heat exchangers. 5 3 2 4 1

4. Definitions and Keywords Heat transfer coefficient: The heat transfer coefficient(h) is the proportionality coefficient between the heat flux, Q/(AΔt), and the thermodynamic driving force for the flow of heat (i.e., the temperature difference, ΔT). For tubular heat exchanger Inside heat transfer coefficient : h 0 Outside heat transfer coefficient: h i Heat transfer coefficient of pipe wall: k/x 5 3 2 4 1

5. Definitions and Keywords Reynolds number Re is a dimensionless number that gives a measure of the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces Prandtl number Pr is a dimensionless number approximating the ratio of momentum diffusivity (kinematic viscosity) and thermal diffusivity. 5 3 2 4 1

6. Definitions and Keywords Nusselt number Nu is a dimensionless number that gives ratio of convective to conductive heat transfer across (normal to) the boundary. Typically the average Nusselt number is expressed as a function of the Reynolds number and the Prandtl number, written as: Nu = f(Re, Pr). 5 3 2 4 1

7. Definitions and Keywords The overall heat transfer coefficient(U): The overall heat transfer coefficient U is a measure of the overall ability of a series of conductive and convective barriers to transfer heat. The common resistances offered for heat exchange are those between hot fluid and the wall, between cold fluid and the wall, and wall resistance. * Additionally, during the operation of HE, scales and films may form on the walls of the HE tubes. Formation of these is called fouling. Fouling of the HEs can offer certain resistance which is termed fouling resistances. 5 3 2 4 1

8. Definitions and Keywords Neglecting the fouling resistance,we can write the above equation for tubular heat exchangers as follows Since the thermal conductivity of pipe material is very high and we assume the thickness of pipe to be very small as compared to other dimensions, we can simplify the above equation to 5 3 2 4 1

9. Definitions and Keywords Log-mean temperature difference: According to Newton's law of cooling, the overall heat exchanged by the two fluids (using the overall heat transfer coefficient) is given by Where the log-mean temperature difference ΔT lmtd depends on the flow configuration. 5 3 2 4 1

10. Concept details: Double Pipe Heat Exchanger ( Parallel Flow)‏ Parallel-flow heat exchangerParallel-flow temperature profile 1 5 3 2 4 2

11. Concept details: Double Pipe Heat Exchanger ( Counter Flow)‏ Counter-flow heat exchanger Counter-flow temperature profile 1 5 3 2 4 2

12. Concept details: Special Operating Conditions Reference : Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer Frank P. Incropera David P. Witt 1 5 3 2 4

13. Concept details: Nusselt Number Correlations 1 5 3 2 4 Circular Pipes

14. Concept details: Nusselt Number Correlations 1 5 3 2 4 Annulus

15. Interactivity and Boundary limits 1 5 2 4 3

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19. Questionnaire 1. T c,o can exceed T h,o in parallel-flow. Answers: a)Trueb)False‏ 2. T c,o can exceed T h,o in counter-flow. Answers: a)Trueb)False 3. Which configuration was more efficient at transferring heat, countercurrent or parallel flow?(Given same inlet and outlet temperatures)‏ Answer:Counter-flow. for the same temperatures of the hot and cold fluid streams and heat transfer surface area, the counter-flow configuration will result in a higher heat exchange when compared with the parallel-flow configuration. This is because, ΔT lmtd;CF > ΔT lmtd;PF 1 5 2 4 3

20. Questionnaire 4. Consider a counter current concentric pipe heat exchanger of axial length L with hot fluid entering the tube at a mass flow rate of and the temperature T h,i and the cold fluid entering the outside tube at a mass flow rate of and enters at a temperature T c,i. Assume the radial temperature variations to be negligible. If the specific heat of the cold fluid is twice as that of the cold fluid, A)Sketch the axial temperature profiles in the inside and outside tubes if the hot fluid and the cold fluid leave the heat exchanger at the temperatures T h,o and T c,o respectively. Ans) 1 5 2 4 3

21. Questionnaire B) What is the log mean temperature difference for this system? Ans)ΔT lmtd = ΔT h = ΔT c As per formula ΔT lmtd attains 0/0 form. The above answer provides the logical reason for the value of ΔT lmtd. 1 5 2 4 3

22. Thank you