1. Phonemic Awareness

2. Phonemic Awareness
The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate the individual sounds – phonemes – in spoken words
Phonemic awareness instruction not only helps children read but spell also.
“Phoneme awareness is the single best predictor of reading success between kindergarten and second grade.” (Adams, Stanovich, 1995)

3. Phonemic Awareness vs. Phonics
Phonemics Awareness
Main focus is on phonemes / sounds
Deals with spoken language
Mostly auditory
Students work with manipulating sounds and sounds in words
Phonics
Main focus is on graphemes / letters and their sounds
Deals with written language / print
Both visual and auditory
Students work with reading and writing letters according to their sounds, spelling patterns, and phonological structure

4. Progression of Phonological Awareness
words syllables onset-rime division phonemes blending, segmentation, matching, deletion

5. Recommended for…
Preschool Kindergarten through second grade Basic and below grade level readers
Between hours for the entire year….which breaks down to 5-7 minutes each day!

6. Areas of Instruction Isolation Identify Categorization Blending
Segmentation
Deletion
Addition
Substitution
Direct Instruction- I Do, We Do, You Do

7. Isolation
Children recognize individual sounds in a word. I Do It: The first sound in the word bug is… We Do It: Let’s say the first sound in…. You Do It: I Spy
bug- /b/
Fish, goat, pig
Something in the room that starts like tire

8. Identify
Children recognize the same sounds in different words I Do It: What sound is the same in… We Do It: What sound is the same in… You Do It: Dr. Seuss ABC’s
fix, fall, fun----/f/
Sat, sister, sorry
Young Yolanda Yorgenson is yodeling on a yak

9. Categorization
Children recognize the word in a set of three or four words that has the “odd” sound. I Do It: What doesn’t belong… We Do It: What doesn’t belong… You Do It: One of these things…
Bad, mad, bus
Love, Lily, Jelly
Ship, shape, sorry

10. Blending
Children listen to a sequence of separately spoken phonemes, and then combine the phonemes to form a word. Then they write and read the word. I Do It: What word is /p/ /a/ /n/ We Do It: What word is /j/ /a/ /m/ You Do It: Guess my word
Pan
Jam
3. Bug

11. Segmentation
Children break a word into its separate sounds, saying each sound as they tap out or count it. Then they write and read the sounds. How many sounds are in the word fish? Try: Elkonin Sound Boxes
Segmentation Levels
Counting words in a sentence
Counting syllables in words
Compound words
Counting phonemes in words

12. Deletion
Children recognize the word that remains when a phoneme is removed from another word. What is price without the /p/?

13. Addition
Children make a new word by adding a phoneme to an existing word. What word do you have if you add /s/ to the beginning of park?

14. Substitution
Children substitute one phoneme for another to make a new word. I Do It: The word is ____ change the /g/ to /n/ the new word is… We Do It: The word is ____ change /b/ to /w/ You Do It: Can a cat become a fox?
1. bug
2. bin
3. Cat
Change the c to an h
Change the h to an s
Change the a to an I
Change the t to an x
Change the s to an f
Change the I to an o

15. Potpourri Which methods have the biggest impact?
Phoneme awareness is necessary, but not sufficient.
Phoneme awareness does not require extensive teaching time.
Phoneme awareness should be assessed in kindergarten.
Blending and Segmenting
Cannot be taught in isolation
Remember only 5-7 min each day
Should be assesssed 1 to 1 and by at least mid-year in Kindergarten

16. Other Activities Syllables- Name & Motion
Recognize initial Sounds/Alliteration- Going on a picnic, Name another word that begins with (s)
Blending- The Sounds in the word (Wheels on the bus)
Rime/Rhyme- Complete the sentence, Rhyme away story, Hinky Pinky ( UPPER GRADES!!!)

17. Methods Songs Nursery Rhymes and Poems Tongue Twisters Books
Zippity Do Da & If You’re Happy and You Know it
Jack Be Nimble Jack Be Quick
Sally Sells Sea Shells, Peter Picked a Pickled Peppers
Dr. Seuss, Down By The Bay