1. NAHUAL status: A CONCEPT FOR A HIGH RESOLUTION IR SPECTROGRAPH FOR A 10-M SEGMENTED TELESCOPE (GTC) Perryman 1992 Motivation: To extend the parameter space of planet searches (ages, masses, rotation). Very low-mass primaries (Martin et al. 2006, Blake et al. 2007, Zapatero Osorio et al. 2007, 2009) T Tauri stars (Huélamo et al. 2008), Young MS stars, Red giants

2. Team Eduardo Martín (PI)(CAB, UCF) Eike Guenther (co-PI), Artie Hatzes, Sylvio Klose (TLS) Carlos del Burgo (co-PI), Tully Peacoke (DIAS) Antonio Amorim, André Moitinho, J. Lima (Lisboa) Víctor S. Béjar, Enric Pallé, Florian Rodler, Luisa Valdivielso, Manuel Amate, Javier Fuentes, Darío Sosa (IAC) Pedro Esparza (U La Laguna), Carlos Alvarez (GTC) Jose Antonio Caballero, David Montes (UCM) Maria Rosa Zapatero Osorio, David Barrado (CAB) Carlo Baffa, Sofía Randich (Arcetri) Humberto Campins, Michele Montgomery, Rohit Deshpande, Ramarao Tata, Robert Peale (U Central Florida)

3. Science cases RV searches for habitable exoplanets in cool stars (late-M, L) Follow-up of exoplanet candidates in the IR Magnetic activity in cool stars and brown dwarfs Rotation in cool stars and brown dwarfs Astroseismology Chemical abundances in stars and solar system objects Very low-mass binaries Very young binaries BD companions of WDs (including CVs) Stellar populations in the Milky Way and other galaxies Black holes in AGNs Gamma ray bursts

4. Community interest 7 workshops held so far (La Gomera, Segovia, Jena, Cádiz, Miami, Fuerteventura, Sintra) About 80 different participants in those workshops Seed for instrument proposed for Calar Alto 3.5-m (CARMENES) Need for high-precision RV capabilities mentioned in Exoplanet Task Force and Blue Dots reports. Funding collected since 2005: 600 Keuros from MEC 200 Keuros from Tautenburg 100 Keuros from IAC 40 Keuros from Lisbon

5. Observing mode discrepancy NAHUAL team: Single object. High stability (no moving parts). R=60,000. Wav. Range=0.91.8 microns. FOV=3 arcsec. GTC: Multi-object capability. R=20,000. Range=0.952.45 microns. FOV10 arcmin.

6. Location GTC floating basement. Fiber-fed through folded Cass G. About 40 meters of fibers (98% transmission in Y,J,H, but only about 30% for K-band). AO Nasmyth platform (stringent constraints on space and weight). Coudé room (longer fibers). Folded cass (supported by GTC).

7. GTC TELESCOPE Nahual project web page NAHUAL http://www.iac.es/proyecto/nahual Martín et al. 2005, AN

8. Optical design FOCAL PLANE WHEEL. -ADC -IMAGE SLICER -SLIT APERTURES Detector Intermediate focal plane Off axis parabola ECHELLE GRATING FOLDER MIRROR CROSS DISPERSION UNIT CAMERA (Three Mirrors+ Corrector) Off-axis parabola CRYOSTAT ENTRANCE CALIBRATION GAS CELL U. Laux, E. Sánchez Blanco,S. Gennari, T. Peacocke

9. Wide wavelength coverage JHK

10. 2330mm 1200mm Conceptual mechanical design

11. High stability cryostat Collaboration between Arcetri, IAC and Lisbon

12. Sizes of optical elements ElementClear aperture (mm) FP1~ 2 x 2 OAP1, OAP2 109 ECHELLE109 x 220 FLD1~ 10 x 10 FP2~ 2 x 2 OAP3 109 CROSS DISP 109 DETECTOR (HAWAII-2)36.8

13. Prisms of ZnSe Ohara GmbH 150.00 ±1.0 mm 50.00 ±1.0 mm 40.000 euros

14. What calibration?

15. Gas cell development

16. Mid-resolution gas cell spectra Collaboration with R. Peale (UCF)

17. 17 Figure by R. Tata NIR RV Planet Search Space

18. 18 Simulations by F. Rodler, C. Alvarez, C. Del Burgo

19. NAHUAL SENSITIVITY e = 0.3 i = 30 o Primary dM5 Mass 0.2 M sol 3 m/s ((3 sigma) in 300 s for K=9 and D = 10 m. 1 Earth 10 Earths

20. Summary NAHUAL could be working at GTC in 2013 as visitor instrument, or as mid and high-resolution near-infrared spectrograph common-user @ GTC in 2016. Status TBD until mid-2010 …. 5 years of experience and 1 million euros of development investment as of 2009. NAHUAL experience is applicable to other telescopes, such as CARMENES @ Calar Alto.