1. How do we get there?

2. Bedford Energy Advisory Panel William Abranowicz Shirley Bianco Neal Hundt Janet Harckham Mary Beth Kass, Chair Danny Martin Simon Skolnik Mark Thielking Stuart Weitzman Contact us at BedfordEnergy@BedfordNY.info

3. Membership association of more than 500 U.S. local governments committed to mitigating climate change

4. ICLEI Milestones 1.Calculating our town’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions 2.Establishing targets to reduce those emissions 3.Developing a Climate Action Plan for meeting our targets 4.Implementing the measures in the Climate Action Plan 5.Monitoring our Progress

5. 20% Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions by 2020

6. 1.Commercial 2.Local Government 3.Transportation 4.Waste 5.Residential Examined Data Across Sectors

7. Bedford Community Emissions 2004 208,833 tonnes/CO 2 e Our Goal 20% reduction = 41,766 tonnes/CO 2 e

8. Community Emissions 2004 Equiv CO 2 (tonnes)

9. Bedford Local Government Emissions 2004 5,360 tonnes/CO 2 e Our Goal 20% reduction = 1,072 tonnes/CO 2 e

10. Government Emissions 2004 Equiv CO 2 (tonnes)

11. Bedford Community Emissions 2004 208,833 tonnes/CO 2 e Our Goal 20% reduction = 41,766 tonnes/CO 2 e

12. Climate Action Plan

13. How Do We Reduce Emissions 20%? We started with easy and simple tips: 1.Change bulbs; use Compact Fluorescent Lighting (CFL) 2.Choose Energy Star 3.Turn down the thermostat 4.Use power strips to turn off electrical equipment 5.Drive slower 6.Launder with cold water, then hang wet clothes

14. Bedford’s Climate Action Plan Strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions The Plan includes baseline data and emissions reduction strategies for these sectors: –Energy –Transportation –Waste / Recycling –Land Use Identify cost and cost recovery for implementing strategies Gain commitments for actual GHG reductions, and promote policy changes

15. Bedford, 20% by 2020: Can we do it? Over 590 other cities and towns are working on the same premise and achieving their goals : Salt Lake City - reduced municipal operations greenhouse gas emissions by 31% since 2001 (goal was 21% by 2012) Portland, OR - 10% below 1990 levels by 2012 (per-capita emissions have dropped 12.7% between 1990 and 2004) Brattleboro, VT - Climate Protection Task Force; mitigation plan also pinpoints financial savings through energy efficiency, creation of new jobs, & improved air quality

16. Key Action Areas: Basis for BEAP Sector Committees Energy Transportation Waste / Recycling Land Use

17. Energy Sector

18. Bedford GHG Inventory - 2004 2004 Bedford Community Emissions - 208,833 t/ CO 2 e 20% reduction = 41,766 t/ CO 2 e < THIS IS OUR GOAL

19. Potential Growth of Bedford Emissions - 2020 (B.A.U. Scenario) Bedford Community Emissions in 2020: (2% growth rate) - 286,682 t/CO 2 e 2020 TARGET: 119,616 t/CO 2 e –20% of 2004 emissions (41,766 t/CO 2 e) + growth since 2004 (77,849 t/CO 2 e) = 119,616 t/CO 2 e –286% increase over 2004 emissions reduction goal - the equivalent GHG emissions of 17,088 homes –WE NEED TO START NOW

20. U.S. Energy Consumption by Infrastructure

21. ENERGY: What actions will create the biggest GHG reductions? Source more renewable energy for our community CHALLENGE - $$

22. What actions will create the biggest GHG reductions? “Looking at specific measures, nearly 1/4 of the abatement potential involve efficiency enhancing measures (mainly in building & transportation sectors) that would reduce demand for energy and carry no net cost. The measures included in this category do not require changes in lifestyle or reduced levels of comfort…Lower energy bills would more than compensate for the additional (efficiency implementation) costs” McKinsey Quarterly, 2007 No1 - Cost Curve for GHG Reductions

23. Potential for GHG Mitigation by Sector in 2030 / Different Cost Categories IPCC - 2007

24. Global Cost Curve for GHG Abatement Measures Beyond “Business as Usual” http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/A_cost_curve_for_greenhouse_gas_reduction_1911

25. BEAP Energy Efficiency Recommendations (Municipal) Energy Star/highest efficiency requirement within town RFP process: appliances, HVAC and materials (22.7t/CO 2 e - $6707 annual -.5-2yr payback) Perform Energy Efficiency Building Retrofits (410t/CO 2 e - $36,000 savings - 6.3yr payback) Build new to Highest Energy Efficiency Standard (Energy Star) (12t/CO 2 e - $3600 savings - 2.1 yr payback) Strengthen life cycle energy and GHG analysis of energy infrastructure related purchases

26. BEAP Energy Efficiency Recommendations (Residential/Commercial) Existing Structures 1.Purchase Energy Star appliances - (4327t/CO 2 e - $1.2mm saved - $202 per house hold - 2.35yr payback) 2.Get a NYSERDA Home Performance through Energy Star audit and implement recommended improvements - (11421t/CO 2 e - $3.26mm saved - $600 per household - 3-23yr payback)) 3.Form Energy Efficiency Experts (EEE) team to assist residents through an EE upgrade process in their structures New Construction Build to Energy Star Standard - (2.15t/CO 2 e per house - $641 annual savings / 6.5 yr payback)

27. BEAP Renewable Energy Recommendations (Municipal/Residential/Commercial) Add more “grid” renewable energy to community mix at lowest cost - (8,000t/CO 2 e - $290 annual average cost per household/commercial entity) –Aggregate buying power for renewable energy for residents/commercial/municipal sectors –Remove impediments to additional renewable energy infrastructure capabilities –Explore Municipal Energy District initiative to: 1.Increase homeowner acceptance of audits and energy efficiency improvements 2.Wholesale buying power of external renewable power

28. Transportation Sector

29. Transportation is one of the largest sources of U.S. emissions, representing one-third of total emissions. Every gallon of gasoline burned emits 20 pounds of CO 2. Bedford will reduce transportation-related emissions by a number of measures drafted by our committee. Our evaluation involved no-cost, low-cost, and some higher cost measures.

30. Transportation Suggested Measures GOVERNMENT MEASURES Short-Term Enforce No-Idling Policy Encourage car-pooling and use of mass transit by municipal employees. Require all pre-2007 school buses be retrofitted with tailpipe filters Long-Term Adopt a unified Town of Bedford “green fleet” policy. Install emission control meters in high traffic areas. Provide alternate fuel stations and “plug-in” stations. Collaborate with NY State and MTA to promote “smart growth” COMMUNITY MEASURES Short-Term Promote commuter-trip reduction programs, including incentives for car pooling and public transit. Distribute Beeline bus schedules and information. Encourage greater school bus use by students. Enforce No-Idling Policy Long-Term Collaborate with MTA and local transportation systems to address “the last mile issue.” Promote purchases of hybrid and electric vehicles. Implement bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure programs.

31. Measuring Transportation Reduction Assumptions: 6500 households in Bedford NumberCost of Gas Incremental Cost Pay back Annual Cost Savings CO 2 Reduction Idling (enforce the 5-minute idling policy) 10,000 cars $2.000.02 gallon/ 5-minute idling $127,200606 (metric tons) Bike trips5000 trips per week (5 miles) $2.000$130,000650 (metric tons) Bus Ridership5000 trips per week $2.00650 (metric tons) Hybrid Vehicles500 new purchased over 10 years $2.00$2,530 3.6 years 1,645 (metric tons) New Technology Electric Vehicles 500 newAt $0.11 kilowat/hr $5,000 5.3 years 3,043 (metric tons)

32. What Can You Do? Know about the Westchester County Anti-Idling Legislation. We can reduce emissions 606 t/CO 2 e Make your next vehicle purchase a hybrid or electric. By adding 500 of each to our 10,000+ cars in town, we can reduce our overall carbon emissions by 4,687 t/CO 2 e Take a bus or train when possible. Tell your children to wake up early and take the school bus. Bus ridership will save 650 t/CO 2 e, Be wise and bunch your errands together.

33. Waste Sector

34. Short term recommendations Determine composition of current waste stream Develop new or improved educational tools, guidance, outreach or training programs that promote increased recycling. Improve ease and accessibility of recycling Promote deconstruction demolition recycling through efforts like GreenDemolitions.org. and WasteMatch.com Encourage contractors by requiring a construction and demolition debris recycling plan as a condition of receiving a building permit.

35. Implement 20 cent fee for plastic and paper bags supplied by large retailers—fee to be used to supply residents with 5 re-usable bags per household Establish large scale food and organic materials composting program Link the cost of waste pickup to volume of waste (pay as you throw program) Employing regional co-operation develop a system that will allow all plastics to be recycled regardless of number to eliminate resident confusion and reduce contamination of recycled materials Implement Zero Waste Policy Long Term Recommendations

36. Assuming: 300 lbs. waste pp/per year & 88% capture of recycled materials: aluminum, steel, glass, paper, cardboard, and plastics; This translates to an world wide annual savings of 13,644,515 kWh, or approximately $1.6 million dollars and it reduces annual world wide GHG emissions by 9,380 metric tons. Bedford WASTE = 7% GHG Establish/Expand Curbside Recycling Programs

37. When organic materials decompose in landfills methane gas is created. Methane is 21 times more potent than CO 2. 61% of Bedford’s waste is compostable If we divert 1,026 lb. or 61% of compostable waste per person from the landfill we prevent 5,171 metric tons of CO 2 equivalent from being created. Large Scale Composting

38. Establish ZERO WASTE policy Zero Waste Alliance The visionary goal of Zero Waste expresses the need for a closed-loop industrial/societal system. Waste is a sign of inefficiency. Zero Waste promotes prevention - designs that consider the entire product life cycle. These new designs will strive for reduced materials use, use of recycled materials, use of more benign materials, longer product lives, repairability, and ease of disassembly at end of life..

39. Nature’s waste = Food Zero Waste Alliance Loop Systems Closed loop Open loop Human waste= Pollution

40. Closed Loop System Zero Waste Alliance

41. Who has Zero Waste Policies? Cities of Austin, San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley Counties of Marin, San Luis Obispo, Santa Cruz, and San Diego Businesses: Hewlett Packard, Xerox, Toyota Hewlett-Packard is diverting 92-95% of its solid waste, saving almost a million dollars a year in avoided waste disposal costs. At six manufacturing facilities, Toyota saves a total of $3.5 million every year. Zerowastesandiego.org

42. Land Use Sector

43. General Sustainability Protect farmland Support farmers economically

44. Sequestration/Temperature Control Develop opportunities to ensure healthy forest management practices by addressing the lack of forest regeneration due to the overabundance of whitetail deer.

45. Climate Change Adaptation Encourage the use of retention ponds, vegetated swales, permeable surfaces for driveways, buffer areas for streams and rivers, plantings of native and water retaining trees and rain

46. Smart Growth Zoning Facilitate the creation of intermunicipal agreements (IMAs) that promote regional planning (In NYS regional planning most often occurs through IMAs)

47. Green Building ( for new building and major renovation only ) LEED Silver for municipal projects LEED Certifiable for Commercial, Institutional, and Multi-Family Residential Energy Star with Feebate Incentives for single-family residential

48. Send comments, questions, and suggestions to the - Bedford Energy Advisory Panel - BedfordEnergy@BedfordNY.info