1. Phonology Rebecca Bergey TRED 256

2. What is the difference? Share your ideas with a partner. Phonetics Phonology The study of speech sounds. The study of the way speech sounds form patterns.

3. Phonemes The basic form of a sound The basic form of a sound What is sensed or felt in your mind What is sensed or felt in your mind

4. Morphophonemic rules Rules that determine the phonetic form plural morpheme and other morphemes Rules that determine the phonetic form plural morpheme and other morphemes

5. Allophone The sound that describes a phoneme The sound that describes a phoneme It may differ according to environment It may differ according to environment There may be several allophones for the same phoneme There may be several allophones for the same phoneme

6. Phonological rules When looking at a phoneme, the rules that describe which allophone is used in which environment When looking at a phoneme, the rules that describe which allophone is used in which environment

7. Minimal Pairs Help us to determine the rules for a particular phoneme Help us to determine the rules for a particular phoneme Two words with different meanings that are the same except for one sound that occurs in the same place in each word Two words with different meanings that are the same except for one sound that occurs in the same place in each word Are like the control sample when doing a scientific experiment of a hypothesis Are like the control sample when doing a scientific experiment of a hypothesis Example: cap, cab or cat, mat Example: cap, cab or cat, mat

8. Distinctive feature Something that distinguishes one phoneme from another phoneme and therefore creates a different word Something that distinguishes one phoneme from another phoneme and therefore creates a different word Ex. Seal vs. Zeal Ex. Seal vs. Zeal

9. Non-distinctive Redundant Redundant Predictable Predictable Follows a rule for a particular class of sounds Follows a rule for a particular class of sounds

10. Differences in usage across languages Different phonological rules Different phonological rules Allophones used in different ways Allophones used in different ways Phonemes or allophones that do not occur across languages Phonemes or allophones that do not occur across languages

11. How does this work? Input phonemic representation of word phonological rules Output phonetic representation of word

12. Phonology in the classroom Some downfalls of the Audio-lingual approach to second language instruction: Language is not only speech, but must also include writing. Language is not only speech, but must also include writing. If second language learners are literate adults, they should not be taught using only a phonological system. If second language learners are literate adults, they should not be taught using only a phonological system. Phonology should not be taught isolated from the syntactic system of a language. Phonology should not be taught isolated from the syntactic system of a language. Warhaugh, Ronald. (1970) An evaluative comparison of present methods for teaching English phonology. TESOL Quarterly, Warhaugh, Ronald. (1970) An evaluative comparison of present methods for teaching English phonology. TESOL Quarterly, Vol. 4, No. 1.

13. A web resource http://www.philseflsupport.com/phonology.htm An overview of phonology and a few web based activities for practice. Phil’s EFL Support. Retrieved July 19, 2007 from http://www.philseflsupport.com/phonology.htm http://www.philseflsupport.com/phonology.htm

14. Exercise #1 ConsonantsInitialMedialFinal /k/-/g/ /m/-/n/ /l/-/r/ /b/-/v/ /b/-/m/ /p/-/f/ /s/-/ / /t /-/d / /s/-/z/

15. Bibliography Phil’s EFL Support. Retrieved July 19, 2007 from http://www.philseflsupport.com/phonology.htm http://www.philseflsupport.com/phonology.htm Warhaugh, Ronald. (1970) An evaluative comparison of present methods for teaching English phonology. TESOL Quarterly, Warhaugh, Ronald. (1970) An evaluative comparison of present methods for teaching English phonology. TESOL Quarterly, Vol. 4, No. 1.