1. Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering Yingxiao Wang Beckman 4261x36727yingxiao@uiuc.edu http://imaging.bioen.uiuc.edu/yingxiao_wang/classes.htm

2. Objective To introduce the cutting-edge engineering technologies applied in the molecular and cellular biology research, i.e. how can the properties of genes, molecules, and cells be monitored, measured, manipulated, and modeled to advance our understanding of the complex biological system.

3. Cells Genomes Genomes Control Cellular Functions Molecules Reactions between Molecules Introduction

4. Cells and Genomes

5. Cells Determine the Whole Multi-cellular Organism

6. Cells are dictated by linear information stored in DNA Units and Assembly

7. DNA Units and Assembly

8. DNA Replication

9. From DNA to Protein

10. Transcription (From DNA to RNA)

11. The Conformation of RNA Hepatitis Delta Virus

12. tRNA

13. Translation (mRNA->Protein)

14. 3D Structure of Ribosome Ribosome mRNA tRNAs

15. The Function of Proteins

16. Gene and Regulatory DNA

17. Bilayer of amphipathic Lipids Forming Membrane: Plasma Membrane

18. Plasma Membrane

19. Summary 1 DNA (linear information) ->RNA (different forms, linear and 3D) ->Protein (Linear and 3D) Replication, Transcription, Translation DNA and RNA, phosphate+sugar+base DNA, Double Helix, AGTC RNA, tRNA, mRNA (AGUC), rRNA RNA and Protein, Various 3D structures Protein, enzyme, structure supports, regulation of DNAs Lipids, cell membrane

20. Gene Alteration (I)

21. Gene Alteration (II)

22. Gene Comparison

23. Cell Types Procaryotes (without nucleus) and Eucaryotes (with nucleus)

24. An Eucaryotic Cell

25. Phagocytosis White blood cell engulfing a red blood cell

26. Mitochondrion Own tRNA, mRNA, ribosome, own circular DNA

27. Proposed Hypothesis: the Origin of Mitochondria

28. The Origin of Chloroplasts

29. Eucaryotic genomes are large and rich in regulatory DNAs, which can sense environmental signals and regulate cellular products and functions Environment and Cellular Functions and Fate

30. Yeast: the Simplest Eucaryote Cell Model Genome small, cell cycle rapid (almost the same as bacteria)

31. Microarray Study of Yeast Genome upon Stimulation

32. Multicellular Animal Model Systems and the Ultimate Goal-Human Beings C-elegan Drosophila Cell cycle, apoptosis compartmentalization Cell cycle short (days), genome simple (single gene controlling one phenotype)

33. Multicellular Animal Model Systems and the Ultimate Goal-Human Beings MouseHuman Beings

34. Mutational Genesis to Find Gene Functions in Model Systems Redundancy and overlapping of gene functions (the complexity of model studies)

35. Summary 2 Gene Alterations: mutation, duplication, segment shuffling, horizontal transfer Procaryote (bacteria and Archaea) and Eucaryotes (nucleus) The structure and development of Eucaryotes (predators) Large Genome and sophiscated gene regulation (Environment effects on Gene expressions) Single cell model system: yeast Multicelullar Model systems: c elegans, drosophila, mouse, human being Complexity of Gene mutagenesis