1. The UN Convention and its Effects on Implementing ICTs and New Technologies for Persons with Disabilities By Axel Leblois Executive Director, G3ict ITU Workshop on Accessibility October 13-14-15, Bamako, Mali

2. Slide 2 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Purpose of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities To promote, protect and ensure the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by all persons with disabilities, and to promote respect for their inherent dignity (Article 1)

3. Slide 3 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities What is unique about the Convention?  Both a development and a Human Rights instrument  A policy instrument which is cross- disability and cross-sectoral  Legally binding

4. Slide 4 4  Adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 13, 2006  Universal framework for the protection of the rights of persons with disabilities  8 th Universal Convention on Human Rights and 1 st of this millennium  143 countries have signed it as of September 2009 – 87 with the Optional Protocol  71 have ratified it, representing over 70% of the World Population The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

5. Slide 5 Georgia: A Hub for Digital Accessibility Innovation Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 1 October 2008

6. Slide 6 Signatures and Ratifications Sub-Saharan Africa as of October 2009 Benin Signed: 8-2-2008 Signed Protocol: 8-2-2008 Burkina Faso Signed: 23-5-2007 Signed Protocol: 23-5-2007 Ratified: 23-7-2009 Ratified Protocol: 23-7-2009 Burundi Signed: 26-4-2007 Signed Protocol: 26-4-2007 Cameroon Signed: 1-10-2008 Signed Protocol: 1-10-2008 Cape Verde Signed: 30-3-2007 Central African Republic Signed: 9-5-2007 Signed Protocol: 9-5-2007 Congo (Republic of the) Signed: 30-3-2007 Signed Protocol: 30-3-2007 Ratified Protocol: 1-10-2008 Cote d'Ivoire Signed: 7-6-2007 Signed Protocol: 7-6-2007 Ethiopia Signed: 30-3-2007 Gabon Signed: 30-3-2007 Signed Protocol: 25-9-2007 Ratified: 1-10-2007 Ghana Signed: 30-3-2007 Signed Protocol: 30-3-2007 Guinea Signed: 16-5-2007 Signed Protocol: 31-8-2007 Ratified: 8-2-2008 Ratified Protocol: 8-2-2008 Kenya Signed: 30-3-2007 Ratified: 19-5-2008 Lesotho Ratified: 2-12-2008 Liberia Signed: 30-3-2007 Signed Protocol: 30-3-2007 Madagascar Signed: 25-9-2007 Signed Protocol: 25-9-2007 Malawi Signed: 27-9-2007 Ratified: 27-8-2009 Mali Signed: 15-5-2007 Signed Protocol: 15-5-2007 Ratified: 7-4-2008 Ratified Protocol: 7-4-2008 Mauritius Signed: 25-9-2007 Signed Protocol: 25-9-2007 Mozambique Signed: 30-3-2007 Niger Signed: 30-3-2007 Signed Protocol: 2-8-2007 Ratified: 24-6-2008 Ratified Protocol: 24-6-2008 Nigeria Signed: 30-3-2007 Signed Protocol: 30-3-2007 Rwanda Ratified: 15-12-2008 Ratified Protocol: 15-12-2008 Senegal Signed: 25-4-2007 Signed Protocol: 25-4-2007 Sierra Leone Signed: 30-3-2007 Signed Protocol: 30-3-2007 South Africa Signed: 30-3-2007 Signed Protocol: 30-3-2007 Ratified: 30-11-2007 Ratified Protocol: 30-11-2007 Sudan Signed: 30-3-2007 Ratified: 24-4-2009 Ratified Protocol: 24-4-2009 Swaziland Signed: 25-9-2007 Signed Protocol: 25-9-2007 Togo Signed: 23-9-2008 Signed Protocol: 23-9-2008 Uganda Signed: 30-3-2007 Signed Protocol: 30-3-2007 Ratified: 25-9-2008 Ratified Protocol: 25-9-2008 United Republic of Tanzania Signed: 30-3-2007 Signed Protocol: 29-9-2008 Zambia Signed: 9-5-2008 Signed Protocol: 29-9-2008

7. Slide 7 AgendaAgenda  ICT accessibility in the Convention: new rights for a new era  Application covered by the Convention  Special dispositions promoting accessible & assistive technologies  Implementation

8. Slide 8 Accessibility in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Preamble (v): “ Recognizing the importance of accessibility to the physical, social, economic and cultural environment, to health and education and to information and communication, in enabling persons with disabilities to fully enjoy all human rights and fundamental freedoms”.

9. Slide 9 The Pervasive Impact of ICTs on All Aspects of Life  A Massive Increase in ICT usage:  900 million personal computers  1.6 + billion Internet users (incl. shared / mobile access)  1.4 billion telephone land lines  1.5 billion TV sets and 2.4 billion radios  4 billion cell phones, over 2 billion text messaging users Major impact of ICT accessibility on education, employment and cultural opportunities China’s leadership in ICT usage opens large opportunities for ICT Accesibility programs

10. Slide 10 Accessibility Rights: ICTs On Par with Physical Environment & Transportation « To enable persons with disabilities to live independently and participate fully in all aspects of life, States Parties shall take appropriate measures to ensure to persons with disabilities access, on an equal basis with others, to the physical environment, to transportation, to information and communications, including information and communications technologies and systems... » (Article 9)

11. Slide 11 Implications of Article 9  Based on the definition of Article 9, all sector specific accessibility dispositions cover ICT accessibility  The terms “Accessibility” and “Accessible” appear respectively 9 and 17 times in the text of the Convention  The term “Reasonable Accommodation” is included 7 times with equal impact on ICT applications

12. Slide 12 Application Areas CRPD Article Accessibility Mandates Reasonable Accommodation Promoting Assistive Technologies E-Government 9.2.a Media and Internet 9.2.b Education 24 Employment 27 Political Rights 21 Emergency services 9.1.b Culture & Leisure 30.5.c Private sector services 9.2.b Personal Mobility 20 Rehabilitation 26 Main Dispositions with Implications for ICT Accessibility and Assistive Technologies

13. Slide 13 Private Sector Services Accessibility “The state must insure that private entities that offer facilities and services to the public take into account the accessibility of those services” (Art. 9) (Also mentioned in Art. 21)

14. Slide 14 Special Dispositions Promoting Accessible & Assistive Technologies Special Dispositions Promoting Accessible & Assistive Technologies 1. Mandate to promote R&D 2. ICT Products Development and Universal Design 3. Reasonable accommodation defined and mandated 4. Obligation for States to set accessibility standards 5. Intellectual property rights 6. Promoting New Media and the Internet for Persons with Disabilities

15. Slide 15 1 - Promoting R&D for Assistive Technologies State Parties...undertake or promote research and development of, and to promote the availability and use of new technologies, including information and communications technologies, mobility aids, devices and assistive technologies, suitable for persons with disabilities, giving priority to technologies at an affordable cost (Article 4 – g)

16. Slide 16 2 - ICT Products Development  Early Stage Accessibility Definitions:  “Promote the design, development, production and distribution of accessible information and communications technologies and systems at an early stage, so that these technologies and systems become accessible at minimum cost” (Art. 9)  Universal Design:  “To undertake or promote research and development of universally designed goods, services, equipment and facilities, as defined in article 2 of the present Convention, which should require the minimum possible adaptation and the least cost to meet the specific needs of a person with disabilities, to promote their availability and use, and to promote universal design in the development of standards and guidelines” (Art. 4)

17. Slide 17 3 - Reasonable Accommodation Defined and Mandated “Reasonable accommodation” means necessary and appropriate modification and adjustments not imposing a disproportionate or undue burden, where needed in a particular case, to ensure to persons with disabilities the enjoyment or exercise on an equal basis with others of all human rights and fundamental freedoms (article 2) General obligation in article 3, referenced in articles on education and employment

18. Slide 18 4 - Standards « States Parties shall take…appropriate measures to develop, promulgate and monitor the implementation of minimum standards and guidelines for the accessibility of facilities and services open or provided to the public » Article 9-2 (a)

19. Slide 19 5 - Intellectual Property Rights “States Parties shall take all appropriate steps, in accordance with international law, to ensure that laws protecting intellectual property rights do not constitute an unreasonable or discriminatory barrier to access by persons with disabilities to cultural materials.” (Article 30 on Cultural life)

20. Slide 20 6 - New Media and the Internet « States Parties shall also take appropriate measures to…promote access for persons with disabilities to new information and communications technologies and systems, including the Internet » Article 9 (g)

21. Slide 21 Next Steps Towards Implementation  Legislative process  Challenges to implement ICT accessibility policies and programs  G3ict mission and activities

22. Slide 22 Legislative and Regulatory Process  Signing of the Convention  Ratification  Parties States must then align their legislation and regulations with the dispositions of the Convention unless already more favorable  Optional Protocol and Committee on Disability  A long but irreversible process with worldwide pressure from NGOs representing persons with disabilities

23. Slide 23 Challenges for State Parties to the Convention 1.Limited references available to implement the dispositions of the Convention covering ICT Accessibility 2.Speed of change due to technological developments 3.Requirement to make accessible and assistive ICT products affordable :  Need to create favorable conditions for industry  Supporting standards for mass production, economies of scale, competition, interoperability and lower prices  Risk of fragmentation without global harmonization

24. Slide 24 G3ict Mission “To Facilitate the Implementation of the Digital Accessibility Agenda Defined by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities” A Flagship Advocacy Initiative of the Global Alliance for ICT and Development

25. Slide 25 G3ict Activities  Advocacy, Awareness Raising  Knowledge hub for Policy Makers and Civil Society:  Good practices sharing and references  National seminars at government’s request  Promoting standards  Tools to be released in 2009:  Self-assessment Tool  Digital Accessibility and Inclusion Index  Toolkit for Policy Makers  In cooperation with:  The Private Sector, Disabled Persons Organizations, International Institutions, Academia, Standards Development Organizations and Governments

26. Slide 26 Georgia: A Hub for Digital Accessibility Innovation Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 1 October 2008

27. Slide 27 G3ict – ITU Toolkit

28. Slide 28 Thank You www.g3ict.org www.e-accessibilitytoolkit.org axel_leblois@g3ict.org +1 (404) 641 5661