1. Do Now Where is the DNA located in the cell?
Where are the proteins made in the cell?
How do you think the information gets between these two places?

2. Topic: DNA to proteins
Essential question: How is DNA the instructions for making my body?

3. What are proteins made out of?
Proteins are long chains of amino acids. Proteins can be made out of 100s to 100,000s of amino acids
Many proteins are actually several proteins (chains of amino acids) put together
There are 20 types of amino acids

13. Turn and talk
Explain to your neighbor: What is the difference between a cell in your eye and a cell in your knee?

14. Topic: Transcription and translation
Essential question: How is DNA turned into proteins?

15. DNA makes proteins in a two step process
First, DNA is transcribed into RNA
Second, RNA is translated into amino acids

16. RNA is: (ribonucleuic acid)
A long chain of nucleotides
Phosphate
Sugar is ribose
Bases are G, C, A, and U (uracil)
A single strand (DNA is a double strand)
Can leave the nucleus
Not self-replicating (DNA is self replicating)
A temporary copy of DNA

17. On your white boards
Make a Venn diagram for DNA and RNA DNA RNA

18. Do Now
Go back to your “DNA to proteins” notes from yesterday (the first ones, not the second ones). Write a summary underneath your notes. I will stamp your summaries in three minutes.

19. Types of RNA mRNA – messenger RNA. Is a copy of the DNA.
tRNA – transfer RNA. Brings the amino acid to the ribosome
rRNA – ribosomal RNA. ribosomes are made out of RNA and protein.

20. Which is RNA? How do you know?

21. Transcription Transcription is making a RNA copy of the DNA
It happens in the nucleus
Steps
Unzip the DNA
mRNA nucleotides match to DNA nucleotides
mRNA detaches from the DNA
mRNA leaves the nucleus

22. Transcription

23. Transcription

24. Transcription (h) Transcription is making a RNA copy of the DNA
It happens in the nucleus
Steps
1. The enzyme RNA polymerase binds to a region of DNA right before the gene called a promoter
2. RNA polymerase makes a RNA copy of the DNA using complementary base pairing. This copy molecule is called precursor mRNA

25. Transcription

27. Why precursor mRNA?
Genes consist of regions called introns and exons. Exons are part of genes that become the protein, and introns do not.
Enzymes called splicesomes splice out the introns from the precursor mRNA
The result is mRNA, which is ready to make a protein

28. A T G G T G C A C C T G A C T On your white board
What is the mRNA that matches this strand of DNA (sequence for hemoglobin)?
A T G G T G C A C C T G A C T

29. Transcription Just transcription

30. Translation mRNA attaches to the ribosomes
mRNA is read in three-letter words called “codons”
tRNA brings the amino acid that matches the mRNA (remember, they are both RNAs, so can match nucleotides)
The chain of amino acids grows as the mRNA moves down the ribosome, three bases at a time
When the ribosome reaches the end of the mRNA, the chain of amino acids (protein) detaches from the ribosome and goes off to do its job in the cell.

32. What is the amino acid sequence made from this RNA (for hemoglobin)?
U A C C A C G U G G A C U G A G G A C

33. Do Now What color is the DNA in this picture?
What color is the RNA in this picture?
What color is the RNA polymerase in this picture?