2. 8 8 TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS AND NETWORKS

3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES DESCRIBE COMPONENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM CALCULATE CAPACITY OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS CHANNELS & EVALUATE TRANSMISSION MEDIA COMPARE TYPES OF NETWORKS & NETWORK SERVICES *

4. LEARNING OBJECTIVES COMPARE ALTERNATIVE NETWORK SERVICES IDENTIFY APPLICATIONS FOR SUPPORTING ELECTRONIC COMMERCE, BUSINESS *

5. MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES TELECOMMUNICATIONS REVOLUTION COMPONENTS, FUNCTIONS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS ELECTRONIC COMMERCE & ELECTRONIC BUSINESS TECHNOLOGIES *

6. MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES 1. MANAGING LOCAL AREA NETWORKS: Must be carefully administered, monitored, vulnerable to interruption, data loss, viruses 2. MANAGING BANDWIDTH: While costs per unit are dropping and capacity is growing, sudden demand can overwhelm system *

7. TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMUNICATING INFORMATION VIA ELECTRONIC MEANS OVER SOME DISTANCE *

8. INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY NATIONAL / WORLDWIDE HIGH SPEED DIGITAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS ACCESSIBLE BY GENERAL PUBLIC *

9. SYSTEM COMPONENTS COMPUTERS TERMINALS: Input / output devices COMMUNICATIONS CHANNELS PROCESSORS: Modems, multiplexers, front- end processors COMMUNICATIONS SOFTWARE Routers, Hubs and Switches *

10. PROTOCOL RULES & PROCEDURES TO GOVERN TRANSMISSION BETWEEN COMPONENTS IN A NETWORK *

11. ANALOG SIGNAL CONTINUOUS WAVEFORM PASSES THRU SYSTEM VOICE COMMUNICATIONS *

12. DIGITAL SIGNAL DISCRETE WAVEFORM TWO DISCRETE STATES: 1-BIT & 0-BIT ON / OFF PULSE DATA COMMUNICATION USES MODEM TO TRANSLATE ANALOG TO DIGITAL, DIGITAL TO ANALOG * 0010111010011101001010101110111100100010000101111010110100111010010010110010101101100

13. COMMUNICATION CHANNELS MEANS BY WHICH DATA ARE TRANSMITTED: TWISTED WIRES: Copper Wires COAXIAL CABLE: Insulated Copper Wires FIBER-OPTIC CABLE MICROWAVE Radio Frequency *

14. SUPER CLEAR GLASS STRANDS FAST, LIGHT, DURABLE TRILLIONS OF BITS PER SECOND, FULL DUPLEX EXPENSIVE, HARDER TO INSTALL OFTEN USED AS BACKBONE OF NETWORKS * FIBER OPTICS SIGNALLASERCABLEPHOTODETECTORSIGNAL

15. BACKBONE: Fiber optics cable carries light signals to distribution nodes, which use copper wires to user DENSE WAVE DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (DWDM): Next-generation, uses many colors, (up to 160) each a channel, increases capacity of a fiber to 6.4 terabits per second * FIBER OPTICS

16. WIRELESS TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGIES PAGERS: Small pager beeps when receives short message CELLULAR TELEPHONE: Device uses radio waves to reach antennas within areas called cells MOBILE DATA NETWORKS: Radio - based data network using hand-held computers, cheap, efficient *

17. WIRELESS TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGIES PERSONAL COMMUNICATION SERVICE: Cellular; lower power; higher frequency. Smaller phones not shielded by buildings, tunnels PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANT: Pen sized, hand-held, digital communicator SMART PHONE: Wireless, voice, text, Internet *

18. ORBITING SATELLITES UPLINK MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION DOWNLINK

19. TRANSMISSION SPEED: Bits per Second (BPS) or Baud BANDWIDTH: Capacity of Channel; Difference between Highest & Lowest Frequencies * COMMUNICATIONS CHANNELS

20. MEDIUM MEDIUM SPEED SPEED COST COST TWISTED WIRE TWISTED WIRE 300 BPS - 10 MBPS 300 BPS - 10 MBPSLOW MICROWAVE MICROWAVE 256 KBPS - 100 MBPS 256 KBPS - 100 MBPS SATELLITE SATELLITE 256 KBPS - 100 MBPS 256 KBPS - 100 MBPS COAXIAL CABLE COAXIAL CABLE 56 KBPS - 200 MBPS 56 KBPS - 200 MBPS FIBER OPTICS FIBER OPTICS 500 KBPS - 6.4 TBPS 500 KBPS - 6.4 TBPSHIGH BPS: BITS PER SECOND BPS: BITS PER SECOND KBPS: KILOBITS PS, MBPS: MEGABITS PS, KBPS: KILOBITS PS, MBPS: MEGABITS PS, GBPS: GIGABITS PS, TBPS: TERABITS PS GBPS: GIGABITS PS, TBPS: TERABITS PS SPEEDS & COST OF MEDIA

21. COMMUNICATIONS PROCESSORS FRONT- END PROCESSOR: Minicomputer manages communication for host computer CONCENTRATOR: Computer collects messages for batch transmission to host computer CONTROLLER: Computer controls interface between CPU and peripheral devices MULTIPLEXER: Allows channel to carry multiple sources simultaneously *

22. NETWORK TOPOLOGIES HOST HOST USER USER STAR Host mainframe computers use this with terminals.

23. NETWORK TOPOLOGIES BUS Collision detection is required for multiple devices to share the same bus. This creates some inefficiency. USER USER Network devices may look like a star configuration

24. NETWORK TOPOLOGIES Device Device Device Device RING A token is passed from device to device. Synchronizing access to the ring. Single rings exists in older systems. Newer double rings are more reliable.

25. LOCAL NETWORKS PRIVATE BRANCH EXCHANGE (PBX): firm’s central switching system LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN): dedicated channels; limited distance (less than 2000 foot radius); higher capacity than PBX. Can share expensive hardware & software *

26. LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) GATEWAY: Connection to other networks ROUTER: Forwards data to other networks NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM (NOS): Manages file server; routes communications on network PEER - TO - PEER: In some small networks all computers have equal power *

27. Network spans large geographic distances. Can include cable, satellite, microwave SWITCHED LINES: Route determined by current traffic DEDICATED LINES: Constantly available for high-volume traffic * WIDE - AREA NETWORK (WAN)

28. VALUE-ADDED NETWORK (VAN) PRIVATE, MULTIPATH, DATA ONLY 3rd PARTY MANAGED USED BY SEVERAL ORGANIZATIONS SUBSCRIPTION BASIS *

29. NETWORK SERVICES PACKET SWITCHING FRAME RELAY ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE (ATM) INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK (ISDN) SYMMETRIC DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE CABLE MODEM T1 LINE *

30. PACKET SWITCHING (X.25) FORM OF Value Added Network BREAKS DATA BLOCKS INTO SMALL PACKETS (e.g.: 128 Bytes) PACKETS ROUTED BY MOST ECONOMICAL MEANS REASSEMBLED AT DESTINATION *

31. FRAME RELAY PACKAGES DATA INTO BLOCKS (FRAMES) HIGH-SPEED TRANSMISSION RELIABLE LINES NO ERROR-CORRECTION ROUTINES *

32. ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE (ATM) CELL: 53 Groups of 8 Bytes Each USES FIBER OPTICS CABLE INDEPENDENT OF VENDOR HARDWARE SPEEDS CAN TIE LAN TO WAN *

33. INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK (ISDN) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD FOR TRANSMITTING VOICE, VIDEO, DATA OVER PUBLIC TELEPHONE LINES *

34. OTHER SERVICES: DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL): enhancing capacity over copper telephone lines CABLE MODEM: modem for cable TV for high- speed access to Internet T1 LINE: dedicated telephone connection, 24 channels @ 1.544 megabits per second *

35. OTHER SERVICES: BROADBAND: High-speed transmission, multiple channels NETWORK CONVERGENCE: Enables simultaneous transmission of voice, data, video. Attractive for multimedia applications: Video collaboration, voice-data call centers, distance learning, unified messaging *

36. E-COMMERCE & E-BUSINESS TECHNOLOGIES ELECTRONIC MAIL (e-mail) GROUPWARE VOICE MAIL FACSIMILE MACHINES (fax) TELECONFERENCING DATACONFERENCING VIDEOCONFERENCING *

37. E-COMMERCE & E-BUSINESS TECHNOLOGIES DIGITAL INFORMATION SERVICES: Commercial service provides desired mix DISTANCE LEARNING: Education, training delivered over a distance, can include printed material, teleconferencing, interactive multimedia, Web sites *

38. COMMERCIAL DIGITAL INFORMATION SERVICES

39. ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE (EDI) COMPUTER - TO - COMPUTER EXCHANGE BETWEEN TWO ORGANIZATIONS OF STANDARD BUSINESS TRANSACTION DOCUMENTS * COMPUTER SELLERCUSTOMER ORDERS, PAYMENTS SHIPPING NOTICES, PRICE UPDATES, INVOICES

40. 8 8 TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS AND NETWORKS