1. GLOBAL, REGIONAL, AND INTERNATIONAL HEATH CONCERNS

2. I. Ozone depletion A. What is the ozone layer?

4. B. What is ozone depletion?

6. C. Effects of UV 1. Effects on people 2. Effects on crops & livestock 3. Effects on environment a. Fish & amphibians b. Algae & plankton c. Plants

7. III. Climate change A. Greenhouse effect 1. What is greenhouse effect? 2. Greenhouse gases 3. Carbon cycle 4. Greenhouse gas emissions

8. B. Evidence for climate change 1. Historical records a. Temperature b. CO2

9. 2. Experimental evidence 3. Climate models

10. C. Potential effects of climate change 1. Environmental effects a. Polar ice caps & sea level

11. C. Potential effects of climate change 1. Environmental effects b. Ocean currents

12. C. Potential effects of climate change 1. Environmental effects b. Ocean currents

13. C. Potential effects of climate change 1. Environmental effects c. Rainfall patterns

14. C. Potential effects of climate change 1. Environmental effects d. Extreme weather events

15. e. Biodiversity & biogeography

16. f. pH of the oceans

17. 2. Human health & economic effects a. Agricultural effects i. Increased CO2 levels ii. Rainfall & temperature b. Pests & dangerous animals

18. c. Diseases i. Mosquito vectors ii. Algal abundance iii. Growth of microorganisms & fungi iv. Consequences of changes in rainfall patterns v. Shellfish-related diseases d. Heat-related diseases

19. D. Climate change controversies 1. Arguments against climate change a. There is no climate change, period. b. It’s a conspiracy c. Natural cycles d. Models lack accuracy & precision

20. 2. Arguments about not doing anything about climate change a. There is no climate change (see above) b. Its too late c. Its too costly d. Its too far in the future

21. 3. Uncertainties about climate change a. Is it occurring now? b. What will be the magnitude? c. What will be effects? 4. Solutions to climate change

22. A. Effects of forests on ecosystem 1. Soil 2. Temperature 3. Water cycle & runoff 4. Oxygen cycle

23. B. Causes of deforestation 1. Urbanization 2. Agriculture 3. Wood products

24. C. Effects of deforestation 1. Soil 2. Temperature 3. Biodiversity 4. Deforestation & climate change

25. V. Loss of biodiversity A. Biological significance

26. V. Loss of biodiversity B. Economic & biomedical significance Teosinte, ancestor of modern corn

27. V. Loss of biodiversity C. Health significance

28. V. Loss of biodiversity D. Causes of loss of biodiversity a. Habitat disruption

29. V. Loss of biodiversity C. Causes of loss of biodiversity b. Pollution

30. V. Loss of biodiversity C. Causes of loss of biodiversity c. Introduced species

31. V. Loss of biodiversity C. Causes of loss of biodiversity d. Over exploitation

32. V. Loss of biodiversity C. Causes of loss of biodiversity e. Climate change

33. VIII. Global chemical contamination A. Examples B. Sources 1. Atmospheric transport 2. Water & ocean currents 3. Globalization