1. nations and regions in competition ? michael peneder http://www.wifo.ac.at/Michael.Peneder 25th conference of the `six countries programme´; stockholm, 15.-16. 01. 2001

2. based upon.. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, january, 2001. table of contents: ¶ entrepreneurial competition (c) · the organization of knowledge (t) ¸ intangible investments & human resources (e) ¹ competitive performance of European industry (e) » sectoral specialisation and industrial location (t) Ð competitiveness policy (c) c..conceptual; t..theoretical, e..empirical

3. outline ¶ locations in competition ? Ë intangibles and competitive performance ythree new taxonomies ypatterns of European specialisation ythe Austrian technology gap Ì the policy challenge: a systemic view ycompetitiveness policy ythe policy prism ycompeting levels of policy ?

4. locations in competition? z`dangerous obsession´ if taken literally; applicable only in a very limited sense to é inflow of foreign direct investments é agglomeration economies zmore meaningful if sports-like contest of governments for superior performance;

5. three new taxonomies zcharacteristic features: yanalytically: including intangibles as sources of entrepreneurial discovery; ytechnically: statistical cluster techniques; ypractical point: application to NACE rev.1 è making intangibles more tangible to international comparative analysis

7. european specialisation (i)

8. european specialisation (ii)

9. austrian technology gap

10. competitiveness policy zdefinition: `public activities that enable its entrepreneurs to strengthen their performance on competitive markets´ ztraditional welfare arguments is often deceptive and neglectful of practical implications,... è policies can alternatively be legitimated from an evolutionary perspective

11. evolutionary change

12. the policy prism

13. stylized industry life cycles Ê emergence of a novel business yr&td and start up policies; liberalisation Ë accumulation race ycomplementary institutions; education & training; local clusters / global networks Ì phase of intense selection yeconomic integration; competition policies

14. competing levels of policy? zvery stylized; manifold interdependencies: ytypical priorities for (supra-)national level: xfair rules of selection: economic integration, harmonisation, liberalisation; competition policy; ytypical priorities for local & regional levels: xcapacity to learn and innovate: education & training; complementary institutions; etc. ytypical overlap: xall kinds of networking activities: R&D co- operation, infrastructure policies, etc.;