1. 1 DOCUMENT FOR: GSC-8/GTSC-1/GRSC-1 Ottawa, Canada 28 April – 1 May 2003 GSC-8-020

2. 2 Next Generation Networks: Paradigm shifts and their effects Presented by Keith G Knightson 1Decision or Action Requested Promote development of standardized frameworks to assist policy analysis 2References 3Issues for Discussion Frameworks used for vertically integrated networks cannot be transposed to a horizontally-integrated NGN and convergence environment. Policy-makers should not operate in a technical vacuum.

3. 3 Abstract: This contribution has two primary objectives: a)the formulation of a set of paradigm(s) to represent the holistic effects and major changes that will result from deployment of NGN technologies; b)identifying the areas that will be impacted by effects and impacts of the NGN paradigm(s) on the telecommunications environment (including telecommunications industry and related infrastructures), and other relevant issues. The general challenges of converged networks will be discussed.

4. 4 Outline Identification of major paradigm shift Identification of effects on technical policy models Draw conclusions Make recommendations Provide supplementary material and analysis of effects

5. 5 Telephone Services Data Services (WWW, e-mail, etc) Video Services (TV, movie, etc) Telephone Services Network Video Services Network Data Services Network Pre-NGN Policy Area 1Policy Area 2Policy Area 3 Legacy: Vertically-Integrated Networks

6. 6 Transport Services Telephone Services Data Services (WWW, e-mail, etc) Video Services (TV, movie, etc) Point to point, Point to multipoint, Multipoint to multipoint NGN - Convergence NGN: Horizontally-Integrated Network

7. 7 Internet Protocol (IP) Anything & Everything Everything Two Policy Domains (Any & All Network technologies) (Any/All Applications e.g. voice, data, video) NGN: Shape of things to come Scope Of “Internet” Services Transport

8. 8 Application Server Application Server Switched Core Packet Network(s) Switched Access Network(s) Transport Protocol Interworking Switched Access Network(s) Transport Protocol Interworking Single point Or Distributed Application Users Separation of Service from Network

9. 9 Migration of Service Intelligence User Domain Core Domain Access Domain User Domain Access Domain Re-distribution of Service Intelligence

10. 10 Internet Transport TELECOMMUNICATIONSTELECOMMUNICATIONS Network Connectivity Services Content Services TV programming Movies Web-based services E-mail Radio programming WirelineWireless Telephony Policy Domain 2 Policy Domain 1 Other ATM SpectrumFR TDM Analogue Point-to-point Ethernet DSL Wires & Cables Point-to-multipoint Switched services Cable Possible Way Forward? INTERNETINTERNET

11. 11 Need for: Tools to assist policy-makers to meet the challenges of convergence and converged networks. Tools to position technologies into appropriate policy domains. Appropriate terms and definitions. Why: Things ain’t what they used to be. Technology has overtaken policy. A new overarching approach has to be taken. Potential policy impacts of converged networks have to be articulated. Not about: Policy itself, just the technical underpinnings. Conclusions

12. 12 Next Generation Networks: The Challenges of Convergence Supplementary Information

13. 13 The separation facilitates the unbundling of services and facilities (in both access and core). Each vertical stratum of NGN has its own horizontal architecture. The location of service platforms is not restricted. Telecom industry will bifurcate to reflect the new NGN architecture. NGN architecture will facilitate competition and innovation among service providers. Service intelligence will migrate to the edges. Impacts and Effects on Service Provision - 1

14. 14 Impacts and Effects on Service Provision - 2 Telephone service will not follow the traditional centrex, local or long distance approaches. Policy frameworks designed for vertically-integrated networks are not transferable to a horizontally- integrated NGN. In an NGN, two separate policy frameworks are required: one applicable to transport networks, and another applicable to content-based services.

15. 15 NGN  Internet But NGN = Internet +  f(x) x = 1 x = n Internet is Basis for NGN

16. 16 IP Applications Application Helpers (UDP, TCP, RTP, etc) Non-IP Services MPLS or shimEthernet Optical Bit Transport (Optional) LAN or MAN Simplified Protocol Architecture

17. 17 IP will become the networking protocol of choice. Frame Relay and ATM will diminish in importance. Optical networks will be a key component. The power and influence of ITU-T will wane, unless operators act. Operational and quality standards of networks may decline. Whose standards will become the basis for international agreements? Impacts and Effects of Internet as NGN - 1

18. 18 Theoretically, NGN promotes competitive service innovation, but preventative barriers can be fabricated. Broadband brings more speed, but may restrict the user’s choice of services and service providers User’s life will become more complicated. Services need to be unbundled from transport particularly in access network. Policy vacuum exists for converged, horizontally- integrated NGN. The “technical basis” for policy must be separated from policy itself. Impacts and Effects of Internet as NGN - 2

19. 19 User1 SP1 SP2 SP3 SP4SP5 User2 Access or Backbone Broadband: Equal Access Model SP = Service Provider

20. 20 SP7 SP3 SP4 SP5 SP6 User1 SP1 User2User3 User4 SP2 User5User6 Backbone Access Broadband: Bottleneck Access Model

21. 21 The separation facilitates the unbundling of services and facilities. Access should permit: independent provision of terminal equipment, user choice for service provision, and use of multiple service providers. Policy recognition of two access frameworks: Equal Service Access Architecture, and Bottlenecked Service Access Architecture. Mass migration from dial-up access can be expected. Impacts and Effects on Broadband - 1

22. 22 Standards need to be rationalized among access systems such as DSL, cable wireless, etc. User lock-in is a common issue, due to proprietary and bundled systems. No technical reason why all services (voice, data, video) cannot be supplied over a single physical medium, i.e. integrated services access. Policy may be key to deployment of integrated services access and choice/competition. Impacts and Effects on Broadband - 2

23. 23 Impacts and Effects on Telephone Service Traditional PSTN telco models not transferable to Internet. The telephone service needs to be considered separately from the delivery systems (in line with models for the gas, electricity, railway sectors). Maintenance of traditional telephone service functionality is an area for concern. The Internet will become part of telecommunications, and vice-versa. There is a need for a requirements definition for telephone service(s).

24. 24 Impacts and Effects on Telephone Service Telecommunications should be regarded as a generic term covering all forms of communication. The role of the Internet in the provision of telecommunications services needs to be recognized. Policy designed for one kind of vertically-integrated network will not be transposable to another kind, and particularly not to a converged NGN. No adequate technical model exists for a converged NGN, which can be used for consistent consideration of areas and issues where policy might or might not be required. A new technical framework is required to identify technical areas for policy consideration.

25. 25 What means what? When we speak of Internet what exactly do we mean? IP? DNS? NAS? E-mail? Web-sites? Voice Servers? When we speak of Telecommunications what exactly do we mean? PSTN, PSTN plus voice services? Cable-TV systems? Ethernet? Huge terminology problem No consistent basis for policy determination

26. 26 Impacts and Effects on Policy - 1 Telecommunications should be regarded as a generic term covering all forms of communication. The role of the Internet in the provision of telecommunications services needs to be recognized. Policy designed for one kind of vertically-integrated network will not be transposable to another kind, and particularly not to a converged NGN. No adequate technical model exists for a converged NGN, which can be used for consistent consideration of areas and issues where policy might or might not be required.

27. 27 Impacts and Effects on Policy - 2 A new technical framework is needed to deal with the convergent environment provided by an NGN to: provide a consistent set of terms and definitions, illustrate NGN environment, identify areas and issues where policy may be required, and Generally illustrate the challenges of convergence.

28. 28 Impacts and Effects on Broadband - 1 Standards need to be rationalized among access systems such as DSL, cable wireless, etc. User lock-in is a common issue, due to proprietary and bundled systems. No technical reason why all services (voice, data, video) cannot be supplied over a single physical medium, i.e. integrated services access. Policy may be key to deployment of integrated services access and choice/competition.

29. 29 Certain expectations/requirements wrt PSTN: 911 capabilities Lawful interception Number portability Local/long distance differentiation Good QoS Reliability Calling/Called party identification Disaster Relief Points of Interconnection and standards Internet-based Telephone Service (over cable, etc) ? Telephone Service(s) Service is separate from delivery system

30. 30 Internet-based Radio programming Internet-based TV programming Broadcast is a technical “mechanism” not a content service. Programming is content Radio/Video Service(s) Trends Again: Service is separate from delivery system

31. 31 Terminology Examples - 1 US FCC - Policy Paper no. 36 Basic Service networks - no network processing (i.e telephony technology). Enhanced Service networks - network processing (i.e. packet technology) with PSTN access model, and viewed as Enhanced over Basic. Telephony over IP becomes Basic over Enhanced! Definitions of Basic and Enhanced Services conflict with Voice Services over IP, and with Broadband Access. Flawed technical framework = Flawed Policy

32. 32 Policies cannot be assumed to be 1:1 transposable from one vertical network to another, nor to a single network. EU Directive 21* New definitions being proposed: Electronic Communications Network (ECN) Electronic Communications Service (ECS) Terminology Examples - 2 EU Green Paper on Convergence New technical basis Old technical basis

33. 33 Typical questions to be answered - 1 What constitutes a public telephone service? Is the telephone service tied to the PSTN? Should the telephone service have a set of defined minimum requirements/characteristics (and what should they be)? Should telephone services be categorized, i.e. Minimum, Basic, Supplementary, Enhanced, etc? Is the Internet a public service? What effect does separation of services and network have on policy? If services and transport are to be technically separated, should policies also be so separated? What is the technical scope and extent of telecommunications?

34. 34 Typical questions to be answered - 2 Is there a distinction between the Internet a telecommunications network? If so what? What is the meaning universal service in the context of a converged NGN? What services are deemed essential in the context of a converged NGN? Do the following technical provisions apply equally well to NGNs: Emergency services (data, voice, or both)? Disaster Relief capabilities (data, voice, or both)? Lawful interception (data, voice, or both)? How would national numbering be affected by Internet Telephony:

35. 35 Typical questions to be answered - 3 How would national numbering be affected by Internet Telephony: What is the technical scope of E.164 numbers? User issues (number portability from PSTN to Internet)? Allocation issues (e.g. telco versus ISPs)? Rights and ownership of numbers?