1. Public Administration Jay Shaftitz & E. W. Russell
Introducing
Public Administration
Third Edition
Chapter Defining Public Administration
Jay Shaftitz & E. W. Russell
Dr. Wasim Al-Habil.

2. Defining Public Administration
Chapter
Defining Public Administration

3. “Public Administration (PA) can be defined from political, legal, managerial, and occupation perspectives.”

4. Key Topics Public Administration & Politics
Public Administration as an academic field
Woodrow Wilson & Public Administration
Public Administration as a profession
Public Administration and Citizens

5. Administration
The management and direction of the affairs of government and institutions; a collective term for policymaking officials of government; the execution and implementation of public policy.

6. Management
A word that refers to both to the people responsible for running an organization and to the running process itself; the numerous resources (employees and machines) to accomplish an organizational goal.

7. What is the Executive Branch?
The part of government responsible for applying and or administering the law.
Thus a president, governor, or mayor and the supporting bureaucracies are the executive branches of their perspective jurisdictions.

8. Who is the Professional employee?
A member of an occupation requiring specialized knowledge that can gained only after intensive preparation.
Professional occupations tend to posses three features:
Academic & practical knowledge
Measurement of standard success
Control of over professional practice

9. What is Public Administration?
Whatever governments do for good or ill.
It’s public administration’s political context that makes it public.
It is distinguished form the private or business administration.

10. What is Public Policy?
Decision-making by government.
Governments are constantly concerned about what they should or should not do.
And whatever they do or do not is public policy.

11. What is Public Interest?
The universal label in which political actors wrap the policies and programs that they advocate.

12. What are Regulations?
The totality of government controls on the social and economic activities of its citizens.
The rulemaking process of those administrative agencies charged with the official interpretation of laws.

13. What is Red Tape?
The ribbon that was once used to bind government documents.
The term now stands as a symbol of excessive official formality and over attention of to prescribed routines.

14. What are Regulations?
The totality of government controls on the social and economic activities of its citizens.
The rulemaking process of those administrative agencies charged with the official interpretation of laws.

15. Public Administration: Art & Science
PA as an academic field is the study of the art and science of management applied to the public sector.
PA does not only concern about management.
PA incorporates as its subject matter of the political, social, cultural, and legal environments that affect the running of public institutions.
It is inherently cross-disciplinary. encompassing so much of other fields (political science, sociology, business administration, and law).

16. Management between science and art
Many believe it savvy and experience, do not need to examine, or there is an administrative science learned in studying. Is management science or art?

17. The nature of science:
Science is "knowledge organization is accessed scientific methods such as observation, experimentation, and investigation. Knowing that produces the laws and theories and concepts."
There is the ability to predict the behavior of human beings that is governed by the instructions and decisions to the degree we can say that people make in their administration according to the organizations that they work.

18. The nature of art
Art "is the personal capacity to the application of certain ideas and theories in a graceful manner and smart." And this due to several factors such as experience and experimentation and the method of work, and practice of a profession vary from one person to another who have studied this science and theories.
Successful application of management varies from one person to another, and this indicates the effect of experience and personal experience of the Director for his ability to deliberate on the application of management science in different areas.
Synthesis, science and art administration at the same time, and must of intermarriage between them. Can not be through examples of successful administrators did not study the Department denying the existence of the science of management and the need to be taught.

19. Public Administration & Woodrow Wilson
As a field of study, PA is traditionally traced to Woodrow Wilson’s 1887 article “The Study of Public Administration.”
The discipline of PA, after developing as part of political science, emerged as an independent field in the second half of the 20th century.

20. Public Administration as a Profession
PA offers significant opportunities for idealism in the pursuit of public service.
The provision of public services - whether by career public servants or by contracted private sector employees – remains the every essence of public administration.

21. Public Administration as a Profession
PA offers significant opportunities for idealism in the pursuit of public service.
The provision of public services - whether by career public servants or by contracted private sector employees – remains the every essence of public administration.

22. Administration's relationship to other sciences.
Economics
Politics Science and law
Psychology
Sociology
Statistics
Accounting
Computer Science.

23. The areas of management
The Directorate General implement the general policy of the State by different government agencies, and by these devices planning, organization and direction and control to achieve the desired objectives, namely the public administration organs and public institutions, ministries and other central administration.
That the administration executive work is different from politics, a legislative action, there is emphasis on the need to separate between the management and policy.

24. Continue: Business Management
Known as "the process of implementing projects of an economic nature, which works to satisfy the needs of the financial and moral support in general and limited view to profit."
Business Administration means the conduct of activities that address the production of goods or services necessary to satisfy the needs and desires in order to make a profit from it.

25. The difference between public administration and business management.
Work more under the legislation.
Public interest. not achieve profit
Public satisfaction.
Competition.
Overall responsibility.
Official capacity “formal”.
Risk degree.
Size
Provide citizens with all the information

26. Bureaucracy
Bureaucracy in English: Bureaucracy is a concept used in sociology and political science refers to the application of the laws by force in organized societies Bureaucracy in French "bureaucratic" as: "power and influence exercised by heads of government and officials of government bodies.
Bureaucracy is the combined organizational structure, procedures, protocols, and set of regulations in place to manage activity, usually in large organizations.

27. Bureaucracy
Many believed that the bureaucratic system is corrupt and undesirable or bureaucracy inherent complexities of office and numerous papers and columns of reviewers, but the bureaucratic double-edged sword is the a model organization that should lead to completion of the work the best, bureaucracy is not a disease of administration unless abused administrators and staff use the elements.

28. Review
The difference between public administration and business management.
Administration's relationship to other sciences.
Management science and art.
Bureaucracy.