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2.  A. Eukaryotic cells  (true nucleus - contains nuclei and membrane enclosed organelles).  B. Most are single celled  (unicellular).  C. Live in wet environments  oceans, ponds, swamps  Some live in wet soil, rotting logs, or watery tissues inside other organisms 2

3.  D. Have cilia or flagella at one time in the life cycle  E. All are aerobic  (need Oxygen)  F. Can reproduce sexually or asexually 3

4.  1. Protozoans (4 types) –  Animal-like protists; “first animals”.  2. Algae (6 types) –  Plant-like protists; contain chlorophyll; capable of photosynthesis.  3. Slime Molds (2 types) –  Fungus-like protists.  4. Water Molds (1 types) –  Fungus-like protists. 4

5.  Classified by method of locomotion  Characteristics of Protozoans  Eukaryotic Have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles  Unicellular  Heterotrophic Consumer 5

6.  Size 2 - 100 micrometers  Parasitic protozoa are most facultative anaerobes;  Mostly heterotrophic, chemorganotrophs Nutrients assimilated via phagocytosis, pinocytosis, diffusion Digestion may be both extracellular and intracellular  Two life stages  Trophozoiteactive pathogenic vegetative stage  Cystlatent survival form  Sites of pathogenesis Intestinal, Urogenital, Blood and Tissue 6

7. Amoebas Flagellates Ciliates Sporazoans

8.  Phylum Sarcodina - pseudopodia.  Move by pseudopods - “false feet”  Ex. Amoeba Captures food by phagocytosis (surround and engulf with pseudopodia) Reproduction by binary fission. No cell walls Trophozoite Motile vegetative stage  Cyst Latent survival stage  Entamoeba histolytic - causes amoebic dysentery (harmful to humans) vomiting, diarrhea, possible brain damage 8

10. 10 Amoebic Movement and Phagocytosis

11.  Phylum Zoomastigina - flagellates.  Move by flagella - “whip-like tail”  Absorb food directly through cell membrane  Ex. Trypanosoma - causes African sleeping sickness  Ex. Trichonympha - lives in digestive system of termites (mutualism - both organisms benefit) 11

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14.  Trichomonas foetus : cow disease

15.  Trichomonas vaginalis: an STD

16.  Phylum Ciliophora - ciliates  Free living cilia  Move beating tiny hairs called cilia  Ex. Paramecium. - contains two nuclei. 1. Micronucleus (small) - controls reproduction. 2. Macronucleus (large) - directs metabolic functions. 16

17.  Parts of the Paramecium.  a. Oral groove - cilia sweep food into this area.  b. Mouth pore - food travels to mouth.  c. Gullet - stores food.  d. Food vacuole - digests food.  e. Contractile vacuole - regulates water balance.  Protection  tricocysts - bottle -shaped structures embedded in the cell membrane that discharge when a cell is damaged or shocked; barbed projections that can damage predators. 17

20.  Phylum Sporozoa - sporazoans  Non-motile - cannot move  All are parasites  Move from one host to the next through spores  Ex. Plasmodium - causes Malaria. 20

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22. Malaria in red blood cells

23. Pneumonia in aids patients

24. Disease Malaria, African-sleeping sickness, ameobic dysentary Red- tides Kills fish (protists make toxin) Home destruction Termites (protists in guts digest wood)

25.  Oxygen to atmosphere  Green algae do photosynthesis  Food for humans  Seaweed  Food “smootheners”  Toothpaste, ice cream, etc…  Food source in oceans  Plankton are base of aquatic food chains

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