1. Types of Reaction and Predicting Reactions
Concept Presentation
Winnie Ho
HS Science
Instructors Janine Extavour & Marty Zatzman

2. Goal of this presentation
Grade 10 teachers:
- Differences between Gr 10 and 11 and how to prepare our students
Grade 11 teachers:
What Gr 10 students know and common roadblocks in this topic

3. Teaching sequence in 11U
Unit 1- Matter, Chemical trends, and Chemical Bonding
Unit 2 - Chemical reaction
Prior knowledge:
- Ionic compounds and covalent molecules
- Nomenclature
- Balancing equation
- Classifying reactions
Important prior knowledge

4. Curriculum expectation
Grade 10 – Chemistry expectations on types of reaction
C2.3
investigate simple chemical reactions, including synthesis, decomposition, and displacement reactions, and represent them using a variety of formats (e.g., molecular models, word equations, balanced chemical equations)
C3.5
describe, on the basis of observation, the reactants in and products of a variety of chemical reactions, including synthesis, decomposition, and displacement reactions (e.g., reactions occurring when magnesium burns or in the production of oxygen from hydrogen peroxide; the reaction of iron and copper sulphate; reactions occurring when fossil fuels burn)
Grade 11 – Chemical reaction (selected expectations on types of reaction)
C2.4
predict the products of different types of synthesis and decomposition reactions (e.g., synthesis reactions in which simple compounds are formed; synthesis reactions of metallic or non-metallic oxides with water; decomposition reactions, in which a chemical compound is separated into several compounds)
C2.5
predict the products of simple displacement reactions, using the metal activity series and the halogen series.
C2.6
predict the products of double displacement reactions (e.g. formation of precipitates or gases; neutralization)
C2.7
design an inquiry to demonstrate the difference between a complete and an incomplete combustion reaction
C2. 10
plan and conduct an inquiry to demonstrate a simple displacement reaction, using elements from the metal activity series
C3.1
identify various types of chemical reactions, including synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, and combustion

5. Comparison Grade 10 - Classifying all four reaction types
+ Neutralization
Grade 11
All four reaction types
+ Activity series
+ Solubility rules
+ Neutralization
+ Combustion
+ Nuclear reactions
Focus on lab inquiry
Prediction of products

6. Diagnostic assessment
nitric acid + potassium hydroxide  ____________+ water Type: ___________
zinc + ___________  zinc nitrate solution + copper Type: ___________
__________ acid + zinc carbonate  zinc sulfate + water + carbon dioxide Type: ___________
calcium + chlorine  _____________________ Type: ___________
magnesium + hydrochloric acid  __________ + hydrogen Type: ___________
propane + oxygen  _____________________ + water Type: ___________

7. General Chemical Equation Synthesis
Reaction Type
General Chemical Equation
Synthesis
A + B  AB
Decomposition
AB  A + B
Single Displacement
M BC  MC B
N BC  BN C
Double Displacement
AB + CD  AD CB
Combustion
CxHy + _O2 _ CO2 +_ H2O + 
Sodium and Chlorine reacts to form Sodium chloride +   + +  + 

8. Roadblock #1 Failure to connect symbols to the actual elements
A + B  AB
A can represent an element, a diatomic molecule, or a compound.
The ordering of the symbols is important.

9. Can you find the mistakes?

10. Macroscopic Microscopic Symbolic
Most of our teaching strategy consist of macroscopic and symbolic. A disconnect occurs. According to research on chemistry education, chemistry should be taught both at all three levels.
Symbolic

11. Roadblock #2 Predicting synthesis vs. combustion rxn
Grade 10 – synthesis reaction
Grade 11 –combustion reaction
Reaction of a substance with oxygen, producing oxides and energy (Nelson text)
Combustion of magnesium as an example of a synthesis reaction
Exothermic reaction
Anyone classify this one as combustion in grade 10? What made you decide to do so?

12. Synthesis Reaction!
Brad + Angelina  Brangelina

13. Tom + Katie  TomKat

14. Roadblock #3 Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq)-->
Predicting single displacement reactions
Zinc is more reactive than copper and will displace coppers ions out of solution.
Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq)-->
ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)

15. Video Safety concerns: Demo: Li, Na, K with water
Goggles, small quantity

16. Alternatives
M BC  MC B
M= metal element
N BC  BN C
N= non-metal element

17. Roadblock #4 Predicting double displacement reactions
Hg22+ is a diatomic cation Hg2+ - Hg2+
If a reaction does not produce a precipitate, a gas, or water, then it is not a DD reaction.

18. Solubility table
KOH(aq) + NH4Cl (aq)-->
No Reaction

19. KOH(aq) + NH4Cl (aq)--> no reaction

20. Use of states symbols are important
More consistent usage of state symbols in grade 10 when writing out chemical equations.
e.g., NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq)  H2O (l) + NaCl (aq)
Textbook now are better

21. Societal implications
Synthesis reaction
Rusting, Galvanization, Alloy
Decomposition reaction
Production of sodium using electrolysis of molten sodium chloride
Single displacement reaction
Extracting metals, smelting process, Bromine compound as fire retardant
Double displacement reaction
Geochemistry (solubility rules allows students to understand why some elements exist as compounds in nature), corrosion of statues
Combustion
Greenhouse effect
Talk about many processesSynthesis reactionRusting, Galvanization, AlloyDecomposition reactionProduction of sodium using electrolysis of molten sodium chlorideSingle displacement reactionExtracting metals, smelting process, Bromine compound as fire retardantDouble displacement reactionGeochemistry (solubility rules allows students to understand why some elements exist as compounds in nature), corrosion of statuesCombustionGreenhouse effect

22. Differentiated instruction
Computer resources
Gizmos
Metals in aqueous solutions simulation
Differentiated instruction
Computer simulation (modified versions of activities)
Video
Group work on making connections issues

23. Thank you.