1. Spectral In-House Training @ CET 1st March 2010
Carsten Laukamp
CSIRO Exploration and Mining
ARRC, 26 Dick Perry Avenue Kensington, WA
Ph:
Web:

2. Theory & Proximal Systems Application to Mineral Systems
Spectral In-House CET, UWA, Crawley – GP2, second floor, Rm111, 3rd year Geology Lab
9:00 Mineral Spectroscopy Theory : Wavelength coverage, EMR-matter interaction, vibrational spectroscopy; VNIR-SWIR-TIR mineralogy and mineral groups; mineral disorder/abundance/chemistry; spectral libraries
Spectral Sensing Instruments – Proximal Systems : Spectral/radiometric/spatial resolution of field/lab systems; Hylogging
10:30 – 11:xx Lots of questions and Coffee
11:xx ASD &/or Lab and/or outside:
The Spectral Geologist (TSG) Software introduction : Applications, Interpretation of afore scanned data
12:30 – 13:30 Lunch
13:30 Spectral Sensing Instruments – Remote Systems : Spectral/radiometric/spatial resolution of remote systems; satellite vs airborne; imaging vs line profiling; multispectral vs hyperspectral; VNIR vs SWIR vs TIR
Alteration and Regolith Spectral-Mineral Models : Critical for successful use of spectral technology; Regolith mapping and Au (and Ni sulphide) exploration in the Kalgoorlie area; Mapping of ultramafic rocks; Alteration mapping using hyperspectral techniques.
15:00 – 15:xx Lots of questions & Afternoon Tea
Theory & Proximal Systems
ASD, PIMA, TSG
Remote Systems
Application to Mineral Systems
Spectral In-House 2010

3. Exploration Challenges
Easy “surface” mineral deposits were discovered a long time ago
“Exploration under cover”
Last 40 years – new geophysical/geochemical exploration technologies successful in deposit discoveries though…..
Increased global demand for commodities not matched by recent discovery rate
Understanding 4D processes of geological systems may advance future exploration success
Mineral Systems > Predictive Models > Vectors
Drilling still the ultimate exploration test
High cost but little “predictive” geological value extracted
Fundamental pre-competitive geoscience data missing from current strategies, such as
mineralogy
Mineralogical models (vectors) + spatially comprehensive mineralogy =
exploration success?
Spectral In-House 2010

4. What is Mineral Mapping?
Hyperspectral sensing, spectral geology, imaging spectroscopy, molecular sensing, optical sensing
The identification of mineralogy and mineral chemistry using reflectance and/or emission spectroscopy
EMR absorbed/emitted by molecular processes (electronic, vibrational) at specific frequencies (wavelengths)
Compositionally-diagnostic
a “complete” spectrum measured for every pixel/sample
non contact, non invasive,
multi-scale in application.
Complementary information to that of conventional exploration data (e.g. geophysics, geochemistry and geological mapping)
Spectral In-House 2010 4

5. 3D Spectral-Mineral Mapping Technologies
Satellite
HyMap
Airborne
Field
PIMA/TERRASPEC
Drill Core
HyLogger
Spectral In-House 2010

6. What Can Mineral Sensing Technologies Provide?
Seeing beyond the visible
visible
longer wavelengths
Spectral In-House 2010

7. What Can Mineral Sensing Technologies Provide?
Seeing beyond the visible
Mapping of mineralogy from every pixel on the ground
See between the trees
pyrophyllite
Spectral In-House 2010

8. What Can Mineral Sensing Technologies Provide?
Seeing beyond the visible
Mapping of mineralogy from every pixel on the ground
See between the trees:
Accurate, seamless maps of mineral abundances and mineral chemistries
Laboratory-grade spectroscopy remotely
Spectral In-House 2010

9. Mineral composition from “remote” spectra
white mica chemistry
published geology
mineral mapping
geofluid model
K radiometrics
% trivalent
cations in
muscovite
40%
25%
Spectral In-House 2010

10. Airborne-field results
Environmental Mapping – Dust monitoring
Airborne-field results
Laboratory results
Spectral In-House 2010

11. Spectrometers available in WA (Australia)
Operational systems
Field
PIMA-II (ISPL, CSIRO, Ausspec, mining companies) SWIR
ASD (CSIRO, Mineral Mapping Services) VNIR SWIR
Laboratory/camp
CSIRO HyChippers (AMDEL, AMMTEC, CSIRO) VNIR SWIR
CSIRO ANVCL (GSWA and other geosurveys) VNIR SWIR (TIR)
Remote
Airborne HyMap (HyVista - Sydney) VNIR SWIR
Airborne Hyspex (DiMap – Perth) VNIR SWIR
Satellite ASTER (ERSDAC – Japan, Geoscience Australia) VNIR SWIR TIR
Science systems
microFTIR (CSIRO-ARRC) TIR
Raman (CSIRO-ARRC) VNIR SWIR
Laboratory
Bruker DHR (CSIRO-ARRC) SWIR TIR
Proto-TIRLogger TIR
Specim (ARA – Flinders University, CSIRO-QCAT ) VNIR SWIR
Spectral coverage
Spectral In-House 2010

12. From John Gingerich, AMIRA paper 2001
Valuing spectral mineralogy
From John Gingerich, AMIRA paper 2001
Spectral In-House 2010

13. CSIRO’s vision in Australia
Every drill hole logged for mineralogy
RC, RAB, diamond
Mineral map of Australia
Host rock, superimposed alteration (metamorphic and metasomatic), regolith mineralogy, as well as soils, vegetation cover (baseline environmental maps)
Environmentally sustainable!
drill core +remote sensing  3-D mineral map (+ multi-temporal  4-D)
Provided through the government geological surveys as part of their pre-competitive geoscience information suite
Web based delivery, distributed data archives, interoperability
Empower the exploration industry with tools for accurate mineral mapping
No longer used as “colorful” pictures for subjective interpretation or boardroom walls but for quantitative mineralogical analysis and “frontline” exploration
Empowering the geoscientist with mineralogy
Spectral In-House 2010

14. Building the “Google” mineral map of Australia
ASTER
processed
Airborne HS public unprocessed
Airborne HS public processed
Airborne HS
private
ANVCL
public processed
Drill core - private
National Geoscience web portal
Spectral In-House 2010

15. Spectral Geology @ CET Epithermal Au Eastern Mindanao Ridge
Philippines
Paleozoic Orogenic Au
Pataz District
Peru
IOCG, …
Mount Isa Inlier
Qld
Channel Iron Ore Deposits
Rocklea Dome WA
Paleozoic Orogenic Au
Sierra de la Culampajá
Argentinia
This is a brief outline of my presentation and at the beginning I want to address the question: why igneous complexes and variations in their composition are at all important for the formation of Fe-oxide Cu-Au deposits, in case that somebody had wondered what I’m doing in this session.
After that I will give a brief overview of the study area and the technologies applied for this study
The study is mainly based on remote sensing and field hyperspectral data in the Shortwave Infrared part of the spectrum, which shows characteristic adsorption features related to distinct mineral phases as shown to left.
I want to stress that these adsorption features are based on the physicochemical properties of each mineral and can provide direct information of the composition of various minerals.
The problem, or I may say the task is to remove any interfering values such as atmospheric and vegetational information from the reflectance spectra data and that we have to “translate” the features into mineral compositions.
But this presentation will be more about the application of reflectance spectra, where I will come to later.
BIF-hosted Fe-ore
Weld Range WA
BIF-hosted Fe-ore
Koolyanobbing WA
Archean Au
Kambalda St Ives
Agnew WA
Spectral In-House 2010

16. Research … input from CET
~1558 nm
~1548 nm
Mapping Mineral Composition:
Especially: Mg# of Chlorites
Epidote-group composition
Amphibole composition
Talc vs. Chlorite vs. Amphiboles vs. Epidotes in “complex” rocks
Biotite
White mica composition (paragonite vs. muscovite s.s. vs. phengite)
Integrated analysis for mapping and mineralisation
Developing Software Add Ons to TSG
Epithermal/porphyry
Archean Au
BIF and CID’s < Minerals Down Under CSIRO …
Clinozoisite (Ca2Al2O.AlOH[Si2O7][SiO4])
vs. Epidote
(Ca2Al2O.(Al,Fe3+)OH[Si2O7][SiO4])
courtesy of Tony Roache (M400)
This is a brief outline of my presentation and at the beginning I want to address the question: why igneous complexes and variations in their composition are at all important for the formation of Fe-oxide Cu-Au deposits, in case that somebody had wondered what I’m doing in this session.
After that I will give a brief overview of the study area and the technologies applied for this study
The study is mainly based on remote sensing and field hyperspectral data in the Shortwave Infrared part of the spectrum, which shows characteristic adsorption features related to distinct mineral phases as shown to left.
I want to stress that these adsorption features are based on the physicochemical properties of each mineral and can provide direct information of the composition of various minerals.
The problem, or I may say the task is to remove any interfering values such as atmospheric and vegetational information from the reflectance spectra data and that we have to “translate” the features into mineral compositions.
But this presentation will be more about the application of reflectance spectra, where I will come to later.
Spectral In-House 2010

17. Spectral In-House 2010

18. Available on www.c3dmm.csiro.au
Spectral In-House 2010

19. Available on www.c3dmm.csiro.au
Spectral In-House 2010

20. Under construction!
Spectral In-House 2010

21.
Spectral In-House 2010

22. Theory & Proximal Systems Application to Mineral Systems
Spectral In-House CET, UWA, Crawley – GP2, second floor, Rm111, 3rd year Geology Lab
9:00 Mineral Spectroscopy Theory (48): Wavelength coverage, EMR-matter interaction, vibrational spectroscopy; VNIR-SWIR-TIR mineralogy and mineral groups; mineral disorder/abundance/chemistry; spectral libraries
Spectral Sensing Instruments – Proximal Systems (25): Spectral/radiometric/spatial resolution of field/lab systems; Hylogging
10:30 – 11:xx Lots of questions and Coffee
11:xx ASD &/or Lab and/or outside:
The Spectral Geologist (TSG) Software introduction : Applications, Interpretation of afore scanned data
12:30 – 13:30 Lunch
13:30 Spectral Sensing Instruments – Remote Systems (24): Spectral/radiometric/spatial resolution of remote systems; satellite vs airborne; imaging vs line profiling; multispectral vs hyperspectral; VNIR vs SWIR vs TIR
Alteration and Regolith Spectral-Mineral Models (39): Critical for successful use of spectral technology; Regolith mapping and Au (and Ni sulphide) exploration in the Kalgoorlie area; Mapping of ultramafic rocks; Alteration mapping using hyperspectral techniques.
15:00 – 15:xx Lots of questions & Afternoon Tea
Theory & Proximal Systems
ASD, PIMA, TSG
Remote Systems
Application to Mineral Systems
Spectral In-House 2010